Caesium Water

Aluminium caesium sulfate (I2H2O) [7784-17-0 (lIHjO), 14284-36-7] M 568.2. Crystd from hot water (3mL/g). 

Rubidium was discovered as a minor constituent of lepidolite by R. W. Bunsen and G. R. Kirchhoff in 1861 only a few months after their discovery of caesium (1860) in mineral spa waters. These two elements were the first to be discovered by means of the spectroscope, which Bunsen and Kirchhoff had invented the previous year (1859) accordingly their names refer to the colour of the most prominent lines in their spectra (Latin rubidus, deepest red caesius, sky blue). 

Fackler, J.J., Grant, T.A., Hanson, B.E.and Staples, R.J. (1999) Characterisation of luminescent, homoleptic, three coordinate, water soluble Au(I) complex of trisulfonated triphenylphosphine (TPPTS) as the caesium salt, Cs8[Au(TPPTS)j]. 5.25H2O. Cold Bulletin, 31, 20-23. 

Graphite in contact with liquid potassium, rubidium or caesium at 300°C gives intercalation compounds (CgM) which ignite in air and may react explosively with water [1], Fullerene black —probably a finely divided and distorted graphite — impregnated with potassium explodes spontaneously in air [2],... 

Caesium reacts very violently with cold water and the evolved hydrogen ignites [1]. The reactivity of caesium and other alkali metals with water has been discussed in detail [2],... 

Reaction of caesium or potassium ozonides with water or aqueous acids is violent, producing oxygen and flashes of light. 

See Xenon hexafluoride Water (reference 2) Xenon tetrafluoride oxide Caesium nitrate... 

Adducts of the hexafluoride with sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride, rubidium fluoride, caesium fluoride or nitrosyl fluoride react violently with water. 

Sodium silicide ignites in air [1], and like its potassium, rubidium and caesium analogues, ignites explosively on contact with water or dilute acids [2],... 

M.T. Ganzerli-Valentini, R. Stella, L. Maggi, and G. Ciceri, Copper hexacyanoferrate-(II) and -(III) as trace caesium adsorbers from natural waters. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 114, 105-112 (1987). 

Ganzerli et al. [148] also used copper hexacyanoferrate (II) on a silica support to absorb caesium from both seawater and fresh water. A specific analyt-... 

A further method for the determination of caesium isotopes in saline waters [60] is based on the high selectivity of ammonium cobalt ferrocyanide for caesium. The sample (100-500 ml) is made 1 M in hydrochloric acid and 0.5 M in hydrofluoric acid, then stirred for 5-10 min with 100 mg of the ferrocyanide. When the material has settled, it is collected on a filter (pore size 0.45 im), washed with water, drained dried under an infrared lamp, covered with plastic film and / -counted for 137caesium. If 131caesium is also present, the y-spectrometric method of Yamamoto [61] must be used. Caesium can be determined at levels down to 10 pCi/1. 

The ferrocyanide precipitate containing 137caesium is ignited at < 400 °C, the residue is extracted with boiling water, then evaporated and a solution of the residue in acetic acid is treated to precipitate caesium (as Cs3Bi2l9) for /3-counting. 

The collected papers of a symposium at Dallas, April 1956, cover all aspects of the handling, use and hazards of lithium, sodium, potassium, their alloys, oxides and hydrides, in 19 chapters [1], Interaction of all 5 alkali metals with water under various circumstances has been discussed comparatively [2], In a monograph covering properties, preparation, handling and applications of the enhanced reactivity of metals dispersed finely in hydrocarbon diluents, the hazardous nature of potassium dispersions, and especially of rubidium and caesium dispersions is stressed [3], Alkaline-earth metal dispersions are of relatively low hazard. Safety practices for small-scale storage, handling, heating and reactions of lithium potassium and sodium with water are reviewed [4],... 

Potassium, rubidium and caesium tetrafluorochlorates and hexafluorobromates react violently with water, and explosively with common organic solvents, like the parent halogen fluorides [1], Silver and barium tetrafluorobromates ignite in contact with ether, acetone, dioxane and petrol [2], Individual entries are ... 

In their review of the classification of donors and acceptors in inorganic reactions, Williams and Hale (7) pointed out that for reactions in water, class (a) character was exhibited most strongly by lithium and least by caesium, which was indeterminate between classes (a) and (b). Here class (a) character means that the fluoride is more stable in water than the iodide. In general Group IA metals prefer hard ligands, F, O, N their interaction with sulphur and carbon is considered in para. IV. 

Ammonium Dioxalato - diammino - chromium, [Cr(NH3)2 (C204)2]NH4.2H20, is obtained in red needles by acting upon dibromo-diaquo-diammino-chromic bromide with aqueous oxalic acid at a temperature of 60° C. The colour changes in solution to dark red and the salt separates. From the ammonium salt other salts may be prepared by treating an aqueous solution with metallic halide. The potassium salt crystallises in red needles containing two molecules of water the sodium salt crystallises in dark red prisms the lithium salt in red needles or leaflets and the caesium salt in dark red needles. These salts are very stable and may be reerystallised from water. 

The tonic compound caesium chloride, Cs + CI-, dissolves readily in water to give a solution containing the individually hydrated Cs+ (aq) and Cl-(aq) ions. The thermodynamic parameters for the formation reaction of Cs hCl and for the reaction of its solution in water are ... 

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