Cadmium speciation analysis

Cadmium Speciation Analysis Using Hyphenated Techniques... 

Lange-Hesse, K., Dunemann, L. and Schwedt, G. (1991) Development of a combined ultra- and diafiltration technique for use in speciation analysis of protein-bound cadmium in plants. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 339, 240-244. 

Persson D.P., Hansen T.H., Holm P.E., Schjoerring J.K., Hansen H.C.B., Nielsen J., Cakmak L, Husted S. Multi-elemental speciation analysis of barley genotypes differing in tolerance to cadmium toxicity using SEC-ICP-MS and ESI-TOF-MS. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 21 996-1005 (2006). 

FIGURE 1,6 Example of manifolds developed for flow injection speciation analysis, (a) Manifold of the reversed FIA system for speciation of chromium with pH measurements and spectrophotometric detection, q—peristaltic pumps, V—injection valves, L— reaction coil, M.E.—pH glass electrode. (Adapted from Ruz, J. et al. 1986. J. Autom. Ghent. 8 70-74.) (b) Manifold of branched FIA system for simultaneous biamperomet-ric determination of nitrate and nitrite. (Cd)Cu—reductive column with copperized cadmium, L—mixing coils. (Adapted from Trojanowicz, M., W. Matuszewski, and B. Szostek. 1992. Anal. Chim. Acta 261 391-398.) (c) Example signal recordings obtained in the FIA system shown in (b) 1-6—standard solutions, A-I—natural water samples. Concentration in standard solutions 1—0.075 2—0.050 3—0.025 mM nitrate and 4—7.5 5—5.0 6—2.5 pM nitrite. 

Ferrarelo, C. N., Encinar, Ruiz, J., Centineo, G., Alonso, J. I. Garcia, de la Campa, M. R. Fernandez, and Sanz-Medel, A. (2002) Comparison of three different ICP-MS instruments in the study of cadmium speciation in rabbit Uvct metallothionein-1 using tevCTsed-phase HPLC and post-column isotope dilution analysis. J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 17,1024. 

Abstract This chapter reports an analysis of literature dedicated to the speciation of cadmium in various environmental compartments, i.e., atmosphere, natural waters, soils and sediments. The difficulty of the cadmium speciation studies, due to the variability of composition of different natural systems and to the low cadmium concentration in the environment, is highlighted. As an alternative approach, cadmium behavior is assessed by modelling its reactivity towards the main classes of ligands usually present in natural systems. The stability of cadmium complexes with... 

As already discussed in previous chapters, speciation plays an important role in cadmium toxicity and exposure to living organisms, influences its availability, accumulation, bio-modification, as well as its transport inside the organisms, and within and between environmental compartments too. That is why speciation studies are of fundamental importance to fully appreciate how this element behaves in the environment. Unfortunately, a careful analysis of literature dedicated to the speciation of cadmium reveals that this term is often abused and erroneously used, resulting in a consistent reduction of the papers really matching lUPAC recommendations and being effectively dedicated to cadmium speciation. 

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