C«- -Ethylene

Figure 6.44 Torsional vibrations in (a) toluene, (b) phenol, (c) ethylene, (d) methyl alcohol, (e) s-lraws-buta-l,3-diene and (1) s-cis-buta-l,3-diene...

C. WiUiams, HMMA.C Ethylene/Mery lie Elastomer, A. Survey of Properties, Compounding and Processing, Bulletin H-34753, Du Pont Polymers, Stow, Ohio, Jan. 1992. 

Manufacturer Trade Type Grade name elastomer designation Oil content (phr) Mooney viscosity (T + 8 ) at 127 C Ethylene content Diene type Diene content Molecular weight distribution classification... 

Fig. 3. Comparison of the rates of polymerization by one-component and two-component catalysts (75°C, ethylene pressure 5.5 kg/cm2, polymerization in hydrocarbon solvent). Curve 1—TiCh (specific surface 24 m /g). Curve 2—TiCfi + AlEtjCl (Al Ti = 4, specific surface of TiClj 20 m2/g the same sample of TiClj was used for the preparation of TiCls). Curve 3—TiCfi + AlEtjCl (Al Ti = 4).

A variety of ionomers have been described in the research literature, including copolymers of a) styrene with acrylic acid, b) ethyl acrylate with methacrylic acid, and (c) ethylene with methacrylic acid. A relatively recent development has been that of fluorinated sulfonate ionomers known as Nafions, a trade name of the Du Pont company. These ionomers have the general structure illustrated (10.1) and are used commercially as membranes. These ionomers are made by copolymerisation of the hydrocarbon or fluorocarbon monomers with minor amounts of the appropriate acid or ester. Copolymerisation is followed by either neutralisation or hydrolysis with a base, a process that may be carried out either in solution or in the melt. 

FIGURE 1.12 Master curve of tear energy Gc versus rate R of tear propagation at Tg for three cross-linked elastomers polybutadiene (BR, Tg — —96°C) ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPR, Tg — —60°C) a high-styrene-styrene-butadiene rubber copolymer (HS-SBR, Tg — —30°C). (From Gent, A.N. and Lai, S.-M., J. Polymer Sci., Part B Polymer Phys., 32, 1543, 1994. With permission.)... 

Figure 3. Transient response of 1,2 C-vinyl acetate (MW=88) obtained from a typical pump-probe experiment with the palladium-based catalysts and 1,2 C-ethylene.

Carbon dioxide can form as a result of combustion of ethylene, acetic acid, or vinyl acetate. The 1,2 C-ethylene experiments provided evidence on the role of Au and KOAc and its influence over the formation of carbon dioxide in the process. COj would be a characteristic of acetate decomposition, while COj would be characteristic of ethylene decomposition. 

Fig. 17. Characteristic closed El-bond loops (shaded regions) in the alcohol inclusions of 12). Packing excerpts show the rings formed in the coordinatoclathrates (a) 1 MeOH (1 2), (b) 1 2-BuOH (1 1), (c) / ethylene glycol (1 1) (H-bonds as broken lines O atoms dotted H atoms of the host connected with non-heteroatoms are shown as sticks only, or are omitted completely)...

Polymerization of Substituted Transition Metal Allyl Compounds Temperature 50°C, Ethylene Pressure Jfi aims, Ethylene. Catalyst Concentration 24 X 10 M... 

Polymerization of Ethylene in the Dark by Transition Metal Benzyl Compounds in Toluene at 80°C Ethylene Partial Pressure 10 aim... 

Polymerization of Propylene by Transition Metal Alkyl Compounds Toluene as Solvent, Temperature 65°C. Ethylene Pressure 10 atm (IS, 16)... 

C. Ethylene Dithiotosylate. To 200 ml. of ethanol containing 10-20 mg. of potassium iodide is added 45.3 g. (0.2 mole) of potassium thiotosylate and 18,8 g. of ethylene dibromide. The mixture is refluxed with stirring for 8 hours in the dark and under a nitrogen atmosphere. The solvent is removed, and the resulting white solid is washed with a mixture of 80 ml. of ethanol and 150 ml. of water. After decantation, the solid is washed three times with 50-ml. portions of water and then recrystallized from approximately 150 ml. of ethanol to yield 28.7 g. of crude product, m.p. 72-75°. Three reerystallizations from a mixture of ethyl acetate and ethanol afford 24 g. (60%) of white crystals, m.p. 75-76° (Note 9). 

Light alkene selectivities from MTO over SAPO-34 at 400-450 °C (ethylene > propylene butylenes > pentenes) are quite different than those predicted from thermodynamic equilibrium (butylenes > propylene > pentenes > ethylene). Over... 

Hancock and coworicers have studied the photochemistry of a series of compounds in which the -B=N- functional group is the essential chromophore " The -B=N- linkage in aminoboranes is analogous to the isoelectronic (-C=C-) ethylenic linkage in molecules studied extensively by organic photochemists. Many aminoboranes absorb radiation in the near ultraviolet Fluorescence spectra have been reported for a number of compounds with the general formula... 

Rostron C Ethylene metabolism and carcinogenicity. Food Chem Toxicol 24 70, 1985... 

Ethylene is a colorless, flammable gas with a faint, pleasant odor and a bp of-103.8°C. The flash point, the lowest temperature at which the vapors of a liquid decompose to a flammable gaseous mixture, is -I36.1°C. The ignition temperature, the temperature at which a substance begins to bum, is 450°C. Ethylene is sold from 95% purity (technical) to 99.9% purity. It can be transported by pipeline or by tank car. Smaller amounts come in 100-lb cylinders. Much of it is used on site by the company to make other products. 

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