C--------------------------------------Capacity factor

Area of interface per unit packed volume, m /m or absorption flreact. for chemical reaction for vaporization Mass concentration in liquid phase, g/g, kg mol/m, ppm, or lb mol/ft C , at liquid inlet Cj, at liquid outlet C, liquid-phase concentration in equilibrium with gas of composition y C, at liquid inlet C, at liquid outlet Molal heat capacity, cal/g mol-°C Capacity factor, Py [p py)... 

Column No. Peak order Temperature (°C) Capacity Factor k Separation factor a... 

This may be substituted with the estimated maximum ground grid current, /q (Section 22.9.6), that may occur during the life of the grounding station thermal capacity factor from Table 22.5, in J/cmV°C. This is derived from formula (4,184) p), Ps in Ws/cm V °C (for details refer to lEEE-80)... 

B = Bottoms molar rate or subscript for bottoms c = Heat capacity (gas phase), Btu/lb °F CAF = Vapor capacity factor... 

Note that in lieu of testing, Par (b) 2 and (b) 3 above allows the use of a capacity factor of 0.80 as a multiplier on the stamped capacity of the spring loaded safety relief valve (nozzle bpe). Some manufacturers test specific valve/rupture disk combinadons and determine the actual capacity factor for the combination, and then use this for the net capacity determination. See Figures 7-10, 7-11, 7-12, 7-13A and 7-13B. c. A rupture disk de ice may be installed on the outlet side of a spring loaded safety relief valve... 

B = distributor quality factor C = vapor capacity factor... 

Example 6.2 A condenser manufacturer gives a heat rejection capacity factor at 26°C wet hulh temperature of 1.22. What is the condenser duty if the cooling capacity is 350 kW ... 

Table 2.1 HPLC capacity factors for secbuto-barbitone and vinbarbitone with an octadecyl silyl stationary phase and mobile phases of methanoiyO.l M sodium dihydrogen phosphate (40 60) at (a) pH 3.5, and (b) pH 8.5. From Moffat, A.C. (Ed.), Clarke s Isolation and Identification of Drugs, 2nd Edn, The Pharmaceutical Press, London, 1986. Reproduced by permission of The Royal Pharmaceutical Society...

Temperature has an influence on the retention and consequently on the capacity factors of carotenoids in HPLC columns. Usually, as the column temperature increases, the retention decreases however, in a polymeric C30 column, after an initial decrease of the t values of cis isomers of carotenoids, the retention of cis isomers actually increases at temperatures above 35°C. This different behavior can be explained by the increased order and rigidity of the C30 stationary phase at lower temperatures that in turn induce preferential retention of long, narrow solutes as the trans isomer and partial exclusion of bent and bulky cis isomers. The greater chain mobihty and less rigid conformation of the C30 at higher temperatures may increase the contact area available for interaction with the cis isomers and also may lower... 

Figure 1.4 Variation of the resistance to mass transfer in the mobile phase, C , and stationary phase, Cj, as a function of the capacity factor for open tubular columns of different internal diameter (cm) and film thickness. A, df 1 micrometer and D, 5 x 10 cm /s B, df 5 micrometers and D, 5 x 10 cm /s and C, df - 5 Micrometers and 0, 5 x 10 cm /s.

Film Thickness (pa) Capacity Factor Phase Ratio Hass c. Transfer Ten (%) C,... 

Razak, J. L. Cutak, B. J. Larive, C. K. Lunte, C. E., Correlation of the capacity factor in vesicular electrokinetic chromatography with the octanokwater partition coefficient for charged and neutral analytes, Pharm. Res. 18, 104—111 (2001). 

The separation of substituted benzene derivatives on a reversed-phase C-18 column has been examined [78]. The correlations between the logarithm of the capacity factor and several descriptors for the molecular size and shape and the physical properties of a solute were determined. The results indicated that hydrophobicity is the dominant factor to control the retention of substituted benzenes. Their retention in reversed-phase HPLC can be predicted with the help of the equations derived by multicombination of the parameters. 

In this case the application of a chromatographic reactor leads to significantly higher conversion when B and C are eluted on either side of A. It means that the capacity factors should be as follows Kb>Ka>Kc or alternatively Kc>Ka>Kb. In the case of B and C eluting on the same side of A, even if they are separated, the improvement to be expected is much smaller [133]. 

In the case of a binary eluent system the dependence of the capacity factor on the volume fraction of the component with the higher elution strength (C) can be calculated by... 

Equation 6 Calculation of optimum ratio of particle size and column length, with selectivity factor, a capacity factor of second component of critical pair under analytical chromatography conditions, fe 02 diffusion coefficient, (cm /s) (typical value for MW 1000 10 cm /s) viscosity, p (cP) specific permeability (1.2 X 10 for spherical particles), feo third term of the Knox equation, C and maximum safe operating pressure, Ap, (bar). 

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