Butyl benzoate

The following liquids may be used (boiling points are given in parentheses) — chlorobenzene (132-3°) bromobenzene (155°) p cymene (176°) o-dichloro-benzene (180°) aniline (184°) methyl benzoate (200°) teti-alin (207°) ethyl benzoate (212°) 1 2 4-trichlorobenzene (213°) iaopropyl benzoate (218°) methyl salicylate (223°) n-propyl benzoate (231°) diethyleneglycol (244°) n-butyl benzoate (250°) diphenyl (255°) diphenyl ether (259°) dimethyl phth ate (282°) diethyl phthalate (296°) diphenylamine (302°) benzophenone (305)° benzyl benzoate (316°). 

Benzoic Acid. Ben2oic acid is manufactured from toluene by oxidation in the liquid phase using air and a cobalt catalyst. Typical conditions are 308—790 kPa (30—100 psi) and 130—160°C. The cmde product is purified by distillation, crystallization, or both. Yields are generally >90 mol%, and product purity is generally >99%. Kalama Chemical Company, the largest producer, converts about half of its production to phenol, but most producers consider the most economic process for phenol to be peroxidation of cumene. Other uses of benzoic acid are for the manufacture of benzoyl chloride, of plasticizers such as butyl benzoate, and of sodium benzoate for use in preservatives. In Italy, Snia Viscosa uses benzoic acid as raw material for the production of caprolactam, and subsequendy nylon-6, by the sequence shown below. 

A silica-supported palladium reagent has been used to convert iodobenzene to butyl benzoate, in the presence of CO and butanol. Diaryl ketones can also be... 

Amides such as DMF or ureas such as N,N-tetramethylurea react with bis(trimethylsilyl)selenide 604 in the presence of BF3-OEt2 to give selenoamides, for example 617, or selenoureas whereas esters such as n-butyl benzoate react with 604 in the presence of Bp3-Et20 and 2,3-dimethylbutadiene to give 619 via 618 [157]. On heating with P4Sio/sulfur and hexamethyldisiloxane 7 y9-ketoesters such as ethyl acetoacetate are converted to 3H-l,2-dithiole-3-thiones such as 620 in high yields [158] (Scheme 5.51 cf. also Section 8.6). 

C11H10 C11H10 C11H1402 C11H22 C11H22 C11H24 1- METHYLNAPHTHALENE 2- METHYLNAPHTHALENE BUTYL BENZOATE N-HEXYLCYCLOPENTANE 1-UNDECENE N-UNDECANE... 

Figure 12.11 shows the pyrograms of vinyl paints from two monochromes by the Italian artist Piero Manzoni. The two paints are clearly different in composition acetic acid (peak 1) and benzene (peak 2) are present as common markers of the PVAc binder in both cases, but sample (a) contains dibutyl phthalate (peak 6) as external plasticizer. Peak 5 was recognized as bis(2-methylpropyl)-phthalate which is formed from dibutylphthalate isomerization, while butyl acetate (peak 3) and butyl benzoate (peak 4) are secondary products of recombination reactions occurring during the pyrolysis. Sample (b), however,... 

Figure 12.11 Pyrograms of a PVAc paint containing external plasticizers (a), and of a vinyl acetate/VeoVa copolymer (b). Peak assignments 1, acetic acid, 2, benzene, 3, butyl acetate, 4, butyl benzoate, 5, bis(2 methylpropyl) phthalate, 6, dibutylphthalate, 7, branched acrylates ranging from C7 to C9...

An equimolar (10 mmol) mixture of benzoyl chloride and n-butyl oxide adsorbed on 5 g graphite A was sequentially irradiated with 90 W incident power. The conversion reached 80% (Yield of isolated n-butyl benzoate (69) 62%). With ethyl oxide, the yield of ethyl benzoate (68) was lower, but noteworthy considering the volatility of this oxide, and the significant retentive power of graphite towards organic compounds. These preliminary results have not yet been expanded, but it is certain that more reactive ethers, like those substituted with sec- or teri-alkyl, benzylic or allylic groups, are deavable in the same way. 

Initially, a reaction of A-acetoxy-A-butoxybenzamide 25c with A-methyl aniline 61 in butyl benzoate 63(R = Bu) and acetic acid. Close examination of these highly coloured reaction mixtures indicated the presence of crystals of A,A-dimethyl-A,A-diphenyltetrazene 65 (Scheme 11, R = Bu). The reaction is promoted by polar solvents as reactants are unchanged in pure acetonitrile. A crossover experiment using a mixture of /V- a ce t o x y - A-- b u t o x y - to 1 u a m i d e 26d and A-acetoxy-A-ethoxybenz-amide 25a afforded clean yields of butyl /Moluatc and ethyl benzoate thus pointing to an intramolecular rearrangement.41... 

Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), 12 60 antioxidant useful in cosmetics, 7 830t as soap bar additive, 22 744-745 4- -Butylbenzaldehyde, 9 680-681 ft-Butylbenzene, 12 163 IV-Butylbenzenesulfonamide, 2 550t Butyl benzoate, 3 635... 

Example 1 Separation of an alkylbenzene and an alkyl benzoate. The logP values of butyl benzoate and isopropylbenzene are 3.74 and 3.52, respectively, from Table 4.1. The separation of these compounds in 50% aqueous acetonitrile therefore requires a high plate number column as the log k values will be nearly identical. The most suitable eluent is 40% aqueous THF. See compounds 9 and 19 in Figure 4.3B. 

A good correlation was obtained in 20-80% acetonitrile-water mixtures. The standard non-ionic compounds used to evaluate the columns were 2-hydroxy-acetophenone, coumarin, acetophenone, indole, propiophenone, butyro-phenone, isopropyl benzoate, butyl benzoate, and isopentyl benzoate. The plotted lines for the linear relationship measured in five different proportions... 

---