2-butanone water miscibility

Partially water-miscible organic solvents (PMOSs) may act as either cosolvents or cosolutes, and the past research has shown the complexity of their effects. " " It was demonstrated that in order to exert effects on solubility or sorption of HOCs, PMOSs must exist as a component of the solvent mixture in an appreciable amount Munz and Roberts suggested a mole fraction of greater than 0.005 and Rao and coworkers proposed a volume percent of 1% or a concentration above 10 mg/L. Cosolvents with relatively high water solubility are likely to demonstrate observable effects on the solubilities of solutes, up to their solubility limits, in a similar manner to cosolvents of complete miscibility with water. A few experimental examples of the effects of PMOSs include 1-butanol and 1-pentanol acting on PCB congeners " and naphtiialene, and butanone on anthracene and fluoranthene. ... 

Organic Solvents Organic solvents have been used for the reaction by oxidoreductase to solubilize hydro-phobic substrates, to construct a two-layer system using hydrophobic solvents to reduce the concentration of toxic substrate and product around enzymes in an aqueous layer, and to simplify the work-up procedure. Water miscible and immiscible solvents have been used. For example, sol-gel-encapsulated alcohol dehydrogenase (WHOA mutant of Thermoanerobacter ethanolicus) was used for asymmetric reduction of 4-phenyl-2-butanone to (5)-4-phenyl-2-butanol in hexane. ... 

We conclude this section with some brief comments on the cosolvent effects of partially miscible organic solvents (PMOSs). These solvents include very polar liquids such as w-butanol, w-butanone, w-pentanol, or o-cresol, but also nonpolar organic compounds such as benzene, toluene, or halogenated methanes, ethanes, and ethenes. For the polar PMOS, a similar effect as for the CMOS can be observed that is, these solvents decrease the activity coefficient of an organic solute when added to pure water or to a CMOS/water mixture (Pinal et al., 1990 Pinal et al., 1991 Li and Andren, 1994). For the less polar PMOS there is not enough data available to draw any general conclusions. 

Propanone (acetone), the simplest ketone, is an important and versatile solvent for organic compounds. It has the ability to dissolve organic compounds and is also miscible with water. As a result, it has a number of industrial applications and is used as a solvent in adhesives, paints, cleaning solvents, nail polish, and nail polish remover. Propanone is flammable and should therefore be treated with appropriate care. Butanone, a four-carbon ketone, is also an important industrial solvent. 

Ketones are solvents of moderate polarity. Like ethers, they are hydrogen bond acceptors and have dipole moments intermediate between those of ethers and alcohols. Ketones have a wide range of solubilities with water, from acetone being miscible, to methyl ethyl ketone (2-butanone) being soluble at 27%, to methyl propyl ketone (2-pentanone) being soluble to the 6% level. The higher molecular weight ketones are soluble to the 2% level or less. Ethyl acetate is soluble at the 9% level. 

Ketones are less reactive than aldehydes and are used extensively as solvents. Acetone, which boils at 56°C, is the most widely used ketone. The carbonyl funcHonal group imparts polarity to the solvent. Acetone is completely miscible with water, yet it dissolves a wide range of organic substances. 2-Butanone (CH3COCH2CH3), which boils at 80°C, is also used industrially as a solvent. 

Lactide is miscible with benzene, toluene, xylene, methylene chloride, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, methanol, isopropanol, acetone, and butanone. The solubility increases with increasing temperature [25]. Lactide will hydrolyze to lactic acid in water at room temperature, and the rate of hydrolysis of we50-lactide is much higher than that of D,L-lactide [26]. 

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