4-amino-butanal

Besides specifications on atoms, bonds, branches, and ring closure, SLN additionally provides information on attributes of atoms and bonds, such as charge or stereochemistry. These are also indicated in square [ ] or angle < > brackets behind the entity e.g., trans-butane CH3CH=[s=t]CHCH3). Furthermore, macro atoms allow the shorthand specification of groups of atoms such as amino adds, e.g., Ala, Protein2, etc. A detailed description of these specifications and also specifications for 2D substructure queries or combinatorial libraries can be found in the literature [26]. 

Butane, 2,3-0-isopropylidene-2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)-catalyst in homogeneous asymmetric hydrogenation, 6, 781 Butane-1,4-dioic acid, 2,2-di(indolyl)-synthesis, 4, 226 Butanenitrile, 4-hydroxy-dihydropyran synthesis from, 3, 769 Butanoic acid, -y-aryl-y-amino-synthesis, 1, 433 1-Butanol... 

Craig s synthesis of nicotine (V to VII, p. 42) proceeds via nomicotine. Nicotinic acid nitrile reacts with the Grignard reagent derived from ethyl y-bromopropyl ether to give 3-pyridyl-y-ethoxypropyl ketone (V). This yields an oily oxime (VI) reducible to a-(3-pyridyl)-a-amino-8-ethoxy-w-butane (VII), which with 48 per cent, hydrobromic acid at 130-3° gives womicotine, and this on methylation yields dZ-nicotine. 

Finke, P. E., Oates, B., Mills, S. G., MacCoss, M., Malkowitz, L., Springer, M. S., Gould, S. L., DeMartino, J. A., Carella, A. Carver, G., et al. (2001). Antagonists of the human CCR5 receptor as anti-HIV-1 agents. Part 4 synthesis and structure—Activity relationships for l-[7V-(Methyl)-7V-(phenylsulfonyl)amino]-2-(phenyl)-4-(4-(7V-(alkyl)-7V-(benzylox-ycarbonyl)amino)piperidin-l-yl)butanes. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 11 2475-2479. 

If the following glycine derived ester is deprotonated and transmetalated with the (/ ,/ )-lartaric acid derived titanium complex, and then added to butanal, the sy -a-amino-/Thydroxy ester, which is enantiomeric to the products obtained above, is formed. 

Diboran kann besonders dann zur Reduktion von Nitrilen mit Erfolg eingesetzt werden, wenn Lithiumalanat und auch Lithiumalanat/Aluminiumchlorid nicht die gewunschten Resultate zeigen. Aus tert.-Butyl-malonsaure-dinitril erhalt man z.B. nur durch Reduktion mit Diboran l-Amino-3,3-dimethyl-2-aminomethyl-butan (36—48% d. Th.)2. 

However, this is obviously not always the case, a counter example being the transformation of P-tetralone (23) to (S)—anunotetralin (24), with 2-amino butane serving as the amine donor. The of an (S)-selective aminotransaminase leads to a value of only... 

Recent efforts in the development of efficient routes to highly substituted yS-ami-no acids based on asymmetric Mannich reactions with enantiopure sulfmyl imine are worthy of mention. Following the pioneering work of Davis on p-tolu-enesulfmyl imines [116], Ellman and coworkers have recently developed a new and efficient approach to enantiomerically pure N-tert-butanesulfmyl imines and have reported their use as versatile intermediates for the asymmetric synthesis of amines [91]. Addition of titanium enolates to tert-butane sulfmyl aldimines and ketimines 31 proceeds in high yields and diastereoselectivities, thus providing general access to yS -amino acids 32 (Scheme 2.5)... 

The proline-catalyzed reaction has been extend to the reaction of propanal, butanal, and pentanal with a number of aromatic aldehydes and proceeds with high syn selectivity.197 The reaction can also be carried out under conditions in which the imine is formed in situ. Under these conditions, the conjugative stabilization of the aryl imines leads to the preference for the aryl imine to act as the electrophile. A good yield of the expected P-aminoalcohol was obtained with propanal serving as both the nucleophilic and the electrophilic component. The product was isolated as a 7-amino alcohol after reduction with NaBH4. 

Model systems indicate that aldehydes may also be produced by the action of polyphenoloxidases on amino acids in the presence of catechin, all of which are present in coffee beans at some stage between green and roasted. For example, valine yields isobutanal, leucine yields isopentanal, and isoleucine yields 2-methyl-butanal.14 Some of these aldehydes probably undergo condensation reactions in the acidic medium of the roasted bean when moisture is present.15 Some dienals in green coffee beans have recently been identified as (E,E)-2,4- and (E,Z)-2,4-nonadienal and (E,E)-2,4- and (E,Z)-2,4-decadienal.18... 

The highly enantioselective reductive animation of a-keto acids as a route to amino acids is possible with ligand 118 (3 R,4R)- l-W-benzyl)-3,4-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)pyrrolidine, DEGUPHOS] and [Rh(cod)2]BF4.649 (R,R)-NORPHOS (2-exo-3-endo-bis(diphenylphosphino)bicyclo[2.2.1 ]heptene) and (2. S, 3. S ) - C HIR AP H O S (bis(diphenylphosphino)butane) are also good ligands for this transformation. Arylpyruvic acids give the best results (>95% ee). 

Dyer, D. C. (1976) Comparison of the effects of R-(-)-2-amino-l-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methyl-phenyl)propane (DOM), R-(-)-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)butane (BL-3912A) and 5-hy-droxytryptamine on non-innervated vascular smooth muscle. Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol., 14 449-454. 

Ethambutol Hydrochloride (+)-2-Amino- Butan-l-ol TLC-Method Adsorbent-Silica Gel-G, Mobile Phase-Ethyl acetate Glacial acetic Acid HC1 H20(11 7 1 1) Apply 2pi of each of two solns. in MeOH, containing (1) 5% w/v of T.S. (2)0.050% w/v of (+)-2-aminobutan-l-ol. Remove TLC plates, dry in air, heat at 105°C for 5 mts, cool, spray with cadmium and Ninhydrin soln.2, heat to 90°C for 5 mts. The spot obtained with (2) is more intense than with (1). NMT 1.0... 

D. Mandler and 1. Willner, Photosensitized NAD(P)H regeneration systems application in the reduction of butan-2-one, pyruvic, and acetoacetic acids and in the reductive amination of pyruvic and oxoglutaric acids to amino acids,... 

Acetamido-4-amino-6-chloro-s-triazine, see Atrazine Acetanilide, see Aniline, Chlorobenzene, Vinclozolin Acetic acid, see Acenaphthene, Acetaldehyde, Acetic anhydride. Acetone, Acetonitrile, Acrolein, Acrylonitrile, Aldicarb. Amyl acetate, sec-Amyl acetate, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Butyl acetate, sec-Butyl acetate, ferf-Butyl acetate, 2-Chlorophenol, Diazinon. 2,4-Dimethylphenol, 2,4-Dinitrophenol, 2,4-Dinitrotoluene, 1,4-Dioxane, 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine, Esfenvalerate. Ethyl acetate, Flucvthrinate. Formic acid, sec-Hexyl acetate. Isopropyl acetate, Isoamyl acetate. Isobutyl acetate, Methanol. Methyl acetate. 2-Methvl-2-butene. Methyl ferf-butvl ether. Methyl cellosolve acetate. 2-Methvlphenol. Methomvl. 4-Nitrophenol, Pentachlorophenol, Phenol. Propyl acetate. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane, Vinyl acetate. Vinyl chloride Acetoacetic acid, see Mevinphos Acetone, see Acrolein. Acrylonitrile. Atrazine. Butane. 

Several other non-nitrogenous products have been identified as products of the Maillard reaction. These include butanol, butanone, butane-dione, and pentane-2,3-dione as well as dihydroxyacetone, glycer-aldehyde, and D-erythrose. Obviously, the same products are present after mild acidic or basic degradation of carbohydrates. Thus, the necessity of an amine or amino acid in the mechanism of their formation is uncertain. 

Sinou and coworkers evaluated a range of enantiopure amino alcohols derived from tartaric acid for the ATH reduction of prochiral ketones. Various (2R,iR)-i-amino- and (alkylamino)-l,4-bis(benzyloxy)butan-2-ol were obtained from readily available (-I-)-diethyl tartrate. These enantiopure amino alcohols have been used with Ru(p-cymene)Cl2 or Ir(l) precursors as ligands in the hydrogen transfer reduction of various aryl alkyl ketones ee-values of up to 80% have been obtained using the ruthenium complex [93]. Using (2R,3R)-3-amino-l,4-bis(benzyloxy)butan-2-ol and (2R,3R)-3-(benzylamino)-l,4-bis(benzyloxy)butan-2-ol with [lr(cod)Cl]2 as precursor, the ATH of acetophenone resulted in a maximum yield of 72%, 30% ee, 3h, 25 °C in PrOH/KOH with the former, and 88% yield, 28% ee, 120 h with the latter. 

Having established the origin of the rotamers Gl, G2 and G3, the splitting within each of these groups into further components due to the chiral centres in the amide side-chains was to be examined. These polyhydroxylated side-chains contain solely the threo (RS) form of 3-amino-butane-1,2,4-triol as a racemate (Fig. 19). Accordingly, from the possible 8 chiral centres only 4 have to be taken into consideration. These would lead - without considering other types of isomerism - to 16 isomers (8 pairs of isomers). Including (E)I(Z) isomerism, 48 isomers can be expected. 

Assuming that the synthesis, i.e. the reaction of the tetra-acid chloride with racemic t/zreo-aminotriol will result into a statistical distribution, the probability of formation of all isomers should be identical. These isomers are illustrated schematically in Fig. 20 where the configuration (2R,3S) of the 3-amino-butane-1,2,4-triol is abbreviated as a and 2S,3R) as b . 

Bacterial Extract Protease CocktaiL Inhibitors present are pepstatin A, 4-(2-amino-ethyl)benzenesulfonyl fluoride (AEBSF), rrans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylam-ido(4-guanidino)butane (E-64), bestatin, and sodium EDTA. 

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