Building construction, alternative

The NFPA Building Construction and Safety Code or NFPA 5000125 is the alternate building code to the IBC. In structure, it is similar to the Life Safety Code (NFPA 101), in that it starts with general requirements and then includes chapters on occupancies. It is also similar to the NFPA 1 and the UBC in that, after Chapter 40, it has specific chapters on individual materials, such as plastics, wood, glass, and gypsum board. It also contains a performance option alternative in Chapter 5. 

Oriented Strandboard (OSB). Oriented strandboard (OSB) panels have been developed as an alternative to plywood in building construction. The emergence of OSB was driven in part by a decreased supply of large diameter logs suitable for veneer production, and by innovation and productivity changes in the North American wood products industry over the past few decades as well as the structural performance of OSB products, which are suitable for use in most plywood applications but at a much lower cost. In addition, OSB manufacture allows small, low grade timber resources to be processed into a marketable product. This effectively saves raw materials that are in short supply and promotes efficient utilization of wood (3,5,6). 

An alternative and much more flexible approach is represented hy the STAR file format [L48, 149, which can be used for building self-describing data files. Additionally, special dictionaries can be constructed, which specify more precisely the contents of the eorresponding data files. The two most widely used such dictionaries (and file formats) arc the CIF (Crystallographic Information File) file format [150] - the International Union of Crystallography s standard for representation of small molecules - and mmCIF [151], which is intended as a replacement for the PDB format for the representation of macromolecular structures,... 

Comparative Energy Evaluation of Plastic Products and Their Alternatives for The Building and Construction and Transportation Industries, Franklin Associates, Prairie Village, Kans., Mar. 1991. 

The importance of surface characterization in molecular architecture chemistry and engineering is obvious. Solid surfaces are becoming essential building blocks for constructing molecular architectures, as demonstrated in self-assembled monolayer formation [6] and alternate layer-by-layer adsorption [7]. Surface-induced structuring of liqnids is also well-known [8,9], which has implications for micro- and nano-technologies (i.e., liqnid crystal displays and micromachines). The virtue of the force measurement has been demonstrated, for example, in our report on novel molecular architectures (alcohol clusters) at solid-liquid interfaces [10]. 

Polyfunctional organomercurials have emerged as useful building blocks for the construction of supramolecular species. Compound 137, for instance, was shown to complex benzene, yielding extended binary stacks where the two components alternate (Figure 25).235 These stacks are rather compact (centroid distance of 3.24 A), so that secondary 7t-interactions occur between the benzene molecule and the mercury centers. Each of the six C-C bonds of the benzene molecule interacts with one of the six mercury centers of the two juxtaposed molecules of 137. As a result, the benzene is hexacoordinated in a fashion. The strength of the Hg-C interactions must... 

For facilities susceptible to nitrocellulose, single base and multibase dusts, the same details could be used with the addition of alternate basic construction types. Six types of construction were chosen which included wood frame, concrete masonry units, reinforced concrete, modified preengineered buildings, fiberglass reinforced plastic and sandwich panels. These were chosen for development of architectural details similar to those mentioned above for nitroglycerin facilities except troweled-on conductive floor lining was to be used instead of lead. 

Skanska, one of the world s largest construction companies with 75 000 employees and activities world-wide, are stating that operating for many years under substitution regulation in Sweden has lead them to "...continuously seek less harmful alternatives. This is something that our clients expect from us as a producer of buildings or infrastructure. As we are not experts on the components in our products, we have to go back to our suppliers with the requests that our clients put on us. As manufacturers of building components they will have to go back to their suppliers etc. This is the way we want the market to work in order to reduce the environmental impact."... 

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