Budworm, western spruce, Choristoneura

Black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon, 692 Budworm, western spruce, Choristoneura occidentalis, 31... 

The salts of fatty acids (not naturally occurring) have long been known to have insecticidal properties. The most effective potassium salts center around oleate in the monounsaturated and saturated series, although potassium caprate (Cio) was especially active against Choristoneura occidentalis (Western spruce budworm) and Acleris gloverana (Western blackheaded budworm) (117). 

Pheromone Purity. An intriguing challenge concerns chemical purity of disruptant formulations. For disruption purposes, is it necessary to treat with the precise blend of pheromone iscmers and secondary components or is only the major pheromone chemical necessary The answer to this question could be different for different pests, but in most cases it could influence treatment costs. Our experience with the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis. Freeman, suggests that only the major component of that pheromone is necessary for disruption. Conversely, some recent work on an orchard pest (9) indicates that a complete pheromone-blend disruption treatment is more effective. 

WILSON, J.S., ISAAC, E.S., GARA, R.I., Impacts of mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae) (Col., Scolytidae) infestation on future landscape susceptibility to the western spruce budworm Choristoneura occidentalis) (Lep., Tortricidae) in north central Washington, J. Appl. Entomol, 1998, 122, 239-245. 

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