Buccal and sublingual absorption

Drug absorption from the oral cavity occurs through the passive diffusion of the nonionized form from an aqueous phase to one that is lipid in nature. In addition, there is also evidence for the carrier-mediated transport of drugs, whereby the levo isomers, but not the dextro isomers, of many drugs are absorbed. 

Mouthwashes, toothpastes and other preparations are introduced into the oral cavity for local prophylactic and therapeutic reasons. It is not known to what extent components of these formulations are absorbed and give rise to systemic effects. The absorption of drugs through the oral mucosa, however, provides a route for systemic administration which avoids exposure to the gastrointestinal system. Dmgs absorbed in this way bypass the liver and have direct access to the systemic circulation. The sublingual, buccal and gingival 

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BIOPHARMACEUTICS OF BUCCAL AND SUBLINGUAL ABSORPTION 9.5.1 Principles of Drug Absorption... 

Florence A.T., and D.A. Attwood. 1998. Buccal and sublingual absorption. In Physicochemical principles of pharmacy. 3rd ed., 392. Basingstoke, UK MacMillan Press. 

Examines surfactant use to accelerate macromolecule input, targeted gastrointestinal delivery, and chemical means of enhancement, as well as promoted buccal and sublingual absorption... 

Chapter 9 Basic Biopharmaceutics of Buccal and Sublingual Absorptions.175... 

Chapter 10 Chemical Enhancers in Buccal and Sublingual Absorptions.203... 

Early recognition of buccal and sublingual absorption was manifested in the use of nitroglycerin by these dosage routes to treat severe headache and to relieve angina pectoris. 

Buccal and sublingual absorption occurs for lipid-soluble drugs... 

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