Bubbling jet

B. typhosus Bubble Breaker Bubble jet technology Bubble memory devices Bubble packs Bubble-point test Bubble shapes Bubbling-bed design Buccal tablets Bucherer-Bergs reaction Bucherer reaction Bucherer synthesis Bucidovir [86304-28-1]... 

Entrainment Due to Gas Bubbling/Jetting through a Liquid Entrainment generally hmits the capacity of distiUation trays and is commonly a concern in vaporizers and evaporators. Fortunately, it is readily controllable bv simple inertial entrainment capture devices such as wire mesh pads in gravity separators. 

The third mechanism for nucleation is the fragmentation of active cavitation bubbles [16]. A shape unstable bubble is fragmented into several daughter bubbles which are new nuclei for cavitation bubbles. Shape instability of a bubble is mostly induced by an asymmetric acoustic environment such as the presence of a neighboring bubble, solid object, liquid surface, or a traveling ultrasound, or an asymmetric liquid container etc. [25-27] Under some condition, a bubble jets many tiny bubbles which are new nuclei [6, 28]. This mechanism is important after acoustic cavitation is fully started. 

A steady jet without bubbling can be maintained in a sand bed between the jet nozzle and the draft tube inlet with high jet velocities of the order of 60 m/s and without downcomer aeration. Once the downcomer is aerated, the solids circulation rate increases dramatically and the steady jet becomes a bubbling jet. Apparently, the inward-flowing solids have enough momentum to shear the gas jet periodically into bubbles. 

Experimentally observed jet half-angle range from 8° to 12° for the experimental data mentioned above. These compare to 10° suggested by Anagbo (1980) for a bubbling jet in liquid. 

A bubble-jet printer is one of the more useful and versatile inventions of the last decade. The active component of the printer is the head through which liquid ink passes before striking the page. The head moves from side to side over the page. When... 

This ejection of ink from a bubble-jet printer ingeniously utilizes the interconnectedness of pressure p, volume V and temperature T. Experiments with simple gases show how p, T and V are related by the relation... 

Figure 1.8 Schematic diagram of a capillary (one of hundreds) within the printing head of a bubble-jet printer. The resistor heats a small portion of solution, which boils thereby increasing the pressure. Bubbles form within 5 (rs of resistance heating after 10 xs the micro-bubbles coalesce to force liquid from the aperture and a bubble is ejected a further 10 xs later. The ejected bubble impinges on the paper moments afterwards to form a written image. Reproduced by permission of Avecia...

Following successful testing of the bubble jet system [3] at pilot scale, the plant was scaled to full technical size (2.5 m2 elements) and successfully tested. The anolyte flow-out of the elements showed a completely pulsation-free operation with all benefits for the membrane lifetime. Despite the rather good results of this first run a design review was started to improve the electrolyser element design. 

Owing to the fact that nearly all the heat generated by this type of electrolyser has to be dissipated via the anolyte flow, for the full industrial-scale demonstration electrolyser with an element size 2.5 m2 it was decided to use the bubble jet system [3], which was successfully tested previously with the chlor-alkali method. For FIC1 electrolysis, which from the material side is optimised to an approximate operation temperature of 60°C, an intense vertical temperature-profile flattening is essential to reduce the external flow rates and to allow rather low anode-side inlet temperatures. The intensive vertical mixing with the bubble jet proved to be suitable for this purpose. 

Okamoto, T., Suzuki, T., and Yamamoto, N., Microarray fabrication with covalent attachment of DNA using Bubble Jet technology, Nat. Biotechnol., 18,438 41, 2000. 

The replacement of classical textile printing techniques by digital printing techniques (ink-jet and bubble jet) is in full progress. Present limitations result from the availability of appropriate formulations of inks/dyes and fixation techniques. The comparable low production speed and limitations with regard to the quality of the textile material can be expected to be overcome within the next 5-10 years. 

Figure 2.35 Cross sections of thermal/bubble Jet and piezo DOD print heads.

Unstable Systems Froths and Hollow Cone Atomizing Nozzles We usually think of interfacial contact as a steady-state system of raining droplets or rising bubbles, but some of the most efficient interfacial contactors take advantage of unstable interfacial geometry. The most common is the distillation tray which operates with a wild mix of bubbles, jets, films, and droplets. The mix is often described as froth. Gas pressure drop provides the energy to create the froth. 

As seen in Figure 5.1, there are two main types of drop-on-demand technologies. The thermal ink jet or bubble jet has a heating element that causes a vapor bubble to eject an ink droplet from the nozzle. The piezo ink jet uses a piezoelectric transducer for ejecting ink droplets. The microjet technology is a further... 

Figure 9.12. Formation of bubbles and a bubble jet in a fluidized bed (a) Bubble (b) Jet.

Okamoto T, Suzuki T, Yamamoto N. Microarray fabrication with covalent attachment of DNA using bubble jet technology [see comments]. Nat Biotech-nol 2000 18(4) 438—441. 

Figure 94 Ink-jet printing (i) Continuous (ii) Impulse or drop on demand (iii) Bubble jet...

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