Bromley extension

With increasing electrolyte concentration, the short-range interactions become more and more dominating. Therefore, in activity coefficient models the Debye-Hiickel term, which describes the long-range interactions, has to be extended by a term describing the short-range interactions. A well-known empirical extension of the Debye-Hiickel theory is the Bromley equation [5]  

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The mean activity coefficient is the standard form of expressing electrolyte data either in compilations of evaluated experimental data such as Hamer and Wu (2) or in predictions based on extensions to the Debye-Huckel model of electrolyte behavior. Recently several advances in the prediction and correlation of mean activity coefficients have been presented in a series of papers starting in 1972 by Pitzer (3, Meissner 04), and Bromley (5) among others. 

As the basis for predicting ionic activity coefficients we chose to adopt an. empirical modification of Bromley s ( 5) extension of the Debye-Huckel model. The mean activity coefficient of a pure salt in water is given by... 

An extension of this model to take account of turbulence is described by Klimenko [194], Horizontal Cylinders. The horizontal cylinder has been the most widely studied case of film boiling. Again, there is a strong analogy with condensation (see Fig. 15.76ft) and the classical expression for this case is that due to Bromley [190] as follows ... 

The Bromley equation (though still widely used) can give significant errors under a variety of conditions. An extensive exercise on the correlation of pool film-boiling heat transfer from cylinders is reported by Sakurai and Shiotsu [180], whose expression for the mean convective heat transfer coefficient is expressed in dimensionless form as follows ... 

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