Brodmann’s areas

Dawson TM, McCabe RT, Stensaas SS, Wamsley JK. 1987. Autoradiographic evidence of [311 ] SCI 123390 binding sites in human prefrontal cortex (Brodmann s area 9). J Neurochem 49 183-188. 

Crook JM, Tomaskovic-Crook E, Copolov DL, Dean B. 2001. Low muscarinic receptor binding in prefrontal cortex from subjects with schizophrenia A study of Brodmann s areas 8, 9, 10, and 46 and the effects of neuroleptic drug treatment. Am J Psychiatry 158 918-925. 

Dean B, Hayes W, Hill C, Copolov D. 1998. Decreased serotonin2A receptors in Brodmann s area 9 from schizophrenic subjects. A pathological or pharmacological phenomenon Mol Chem Neuropathol 34(2-3) 133-145. 

Carlson M. 1981. Characteristics of sensory deficits following lesions of Brodmann s areas 1 and 2 in the postcentral gyrus of Macaca mulatta. Brain Res 204(2) 424-430. 

Paul RL, Merzenich M, Goodman H. 1972. Representation of slowly and rapidly adapting cutaneous mechanoreceptors of the hand in Brodmann s areas 3 and 1 of Macaca mulatta. Brain Res 36 229-249. 

Casanova et al. (2002) have compared the brains from autistic individuals with normal brains and found that in Nissl stained vertical sections taken from Brodmann s areas 9, 21, and 22, the minicolumns in the normal and autistic brains have a somewhat different structure. In the autistic brains, the minicolumns are smaller in width, and the neurons within the vertical strings are less tightly packed, leading the authors to conclude that per unit volume of cerebral cortex, the minicolumns are more numerous in the cortices of autistic individuals. Since studies by earlier authors have shown that there is no abnormality in cell density in the cortices of autistic individuals compared to controls (Coleman et al., 1985 Bailey et al., 1993), Casanova et al. (2002) suggest that autism is the consequence of a defect in migration of cells into the cortex during development. 

Thottakara P, Lazar M, Johnson SC et al. (2006) Application of Brodmann s area templates for ROI selection in white matter tractography studies. Neuroimage 29(3) 868-878... 

The primary auditory cortex is area A1 or Brodmann s areas 41 and 42. It is highly probable that the human auditory cortex is subdivided into numerous functional areas, but the positions and roles of such areas remain to be determined (Hudspeth 1999). 

Motion-defined pattern perception is realized, when we watch an area composed of coherently moving dots surrounded by sand storm region of incoherently moving dots. According to psychophysical experiments, this type of pattern perception includes two processes perception of motion itself and that of shape or contour [1]. The activated brain area for detecting motion itself has been established to be in the middle temporal area (MT/V5) or area V3A [2]. In contrast, the area for motion-defined pattern perception has not been clearly identified. The results of many conventional fMRI studies suggested that various areas 6, 9, 19, 32 and 38 in Brodmann s area (BA) were activated by motion-defined pattern stimuli [3]. However, it is not evident from these results whether they were elicited for motion perception itself or for the pattern perception. 

Several groups have developed computerised atlases of the human brain that can be applied to images from individual patients to improve the identification of structures. This is particularly useful in educational applications and in the identification of structures, such as Brodmann s cortical areas, which are not anatomically defined on the images themselves (Greitz et al. 1991 Ingvar et al. 1994 ... 

Kantha, S., Albert Einstein s dyslexia and the significance of Brodmann Area 39 of his left cerebral cortex, Medical Hypotheses 37 119-122, 1992. 

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