Primary auditory cortex

Weinberger NM (1998) Physiological memory in primary auditory cortex characteristics and mechanisms. Neurobiol Learn Mem 70 226-251 Welzl H, D Adamo P, Lipp HP (2001) Conditioned taste aversion as a learning and memory paradigm. Behav Brain Res 125 205-213... 

More recently, Rademacher et al. applied quantitative criteria in Nissl stained sections to identify the borders of primary auditory cortex in 27 postmortem brains (14 females), and also concluded that there is not a consistent hemispheric asymmetry (Rademacher et al., 2001a, b). Their delineation of primary cortex included an expanded area that extended across Heschl s sulcus. They did not measure the volume of the smaller area that corresponds to the classical primary auditory cortex restricted to HG (their Tel.O) (Morosan et al., 2001). 

Chance SA, Casanova MF, Switala AE, Crow TJ, Esiri MM. 2006b. Minicolumn thinning in temporal lobe association cortex but not primary auditory cortex in normal human ageing. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 111(5) 459-464. 

Formisano E, Kim DS, Di Salle F, van de Moortele PF, Ugurbil K, et al. 2003. Mirror-symmetric tonotopic maps in human primary auditory cortex. Neuron 40(4) 859-869. Foundas AL, Leonard CM, Gilmore R, Fennell E, Heilman KM. 1994. Planum temporale asymmetry and language dominance. Neuropsychologia 32(10) 1225-1231. 

Morosan P, Rademacher J, Schleicher A, Amunts K, Schormann T, et al. 2001. Human primary auditory cortex Cytoarchitectonic subdivisions and mapping into a spatial reference system. Neuroimage 13 684-701. 

Penhune VB, Zatorre RJ, MacDonald JD, Evans AC. 1996. Interhemispheric anatomical differences in human primary auditory cortex Probabilistic mapping and volume measurement from magnetic resonance scans. Cereb Cortex 6(5) 661-672. 

Rademacher J, Morosan P, Schleicher A, Freund H-J, Zilles K. 2001a. Human primary auditory cortex in women and men. NeuroReport 12 1561-1565. 

Rademacher J, Morosan P, Schormann T, Schleicher A, Werner C, et al. 2001b. Probabilistic mapping and volume measurment of human primary auditory cortex. Neuro-Image 13 669-683. 

Shenton ME, Kikinis R, Jolesz FA, Poliak SD, LeMay M, et al. 1992. Abnormalities of the left temporal lobe and thought disorder in schizophrenia. A quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study. N Engl J Med 327(9) 604-612. Smiley JF, Dwork AJ, Hackett TA, Ilievski B, Mancevski B, et al. 2002. Hemispheric comparisons of neuron density and volume of the human primary auditory cortex. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts. 

Campbell MJ, Lewis DA, Foote SL, Morrison JH (1987) Distribution of choline acetyltransferase-, serotonin-, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-, tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibers in monkey primary auditory cortex. J Comp Neurol 267 209-220. 

The primary auditory cortex or gyri of Heschl is located in the... 

ATg anterior tegmental nucleus 50-52, 80, 98-99 Aul primary auditory cortex 33-45,106-115 AuD secondary auditory cortex, dorsal area 32-45,109-116 AuV secondary auditory cortex, ventral area 32-45,103-108 AV anteroventral thalamic nucleus 22, 28,104-105 AVDM anteroventral thalamic nucleus, dorsomedial part 23-27, 82-83, 106-110... 

Fig. 8 Nissl stained section of primary auditory cortex, area 41, from a human cerebral hemisphere. In this cortical area there are obvious vertical strings of neurons arrows) separated by pale spaces that are largely occupied by the apical dendrites of pyramidal cells. Scale bar = 100 p,m...

The primary auditory cortex is area A1 or Brodmann s areas 41 and 42. It is highly probable that the human auditory cortex is subdivided into numerous functional areas, but the positions and roles of such areas remain to be determined (Hudspeth 1999). 

Knight (1994) reports that the effects of attention can onset as early as 25 ms after stimulation, indicating that humans are able to exert attention effects on inputs to the primary auditory cortex. Similar effects of selective attention have been reported in the visual and somatosensory modalities. 

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