Brief Negative Symptom Assessment

Clinicians should use standardized psychiatric rating scales to rate response objectively. The four-item Positive Symptom Rating Scale and the Brief Negative Symptom Assessment are scales that are brief enough to be useful in the outpatient setting. 

FIGURE 66-2. Brief clinical assessments for monitoring antipsychotic response in schizophrenia. To enhance consistency in ratings, the structured probes in the administration manual should be used each time the scales are used. (Data from Miller et aP and Miller et al. The complete administration manual for the Positive Symptom Rating Scale and the Brief Negative Symptom Assessment can be accessed from the appendices in the TIMA Procedure Manual Schizophrenia Module at http-//www.dshs.state.tx.us/ mhprograms/timasczman.pdf. This rating scale is in the public domain and may be reproduced with appropriate citation of the authors and source.)... 

Brief Negative Symptom Assessment (BNSA) Use each item s anchor points to rate the patient. 1 Prolonged time to respond 1 2 3 4 5 6... 

Abbrevations CGI, Clinical Global Impressions scale SCZ, schizophrenia GAS, Global SczAD (schizoaffective disorder) PANNS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale BPRS, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale SANS, Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms. 

This symptom was hrst reported in 1948 on Andrena flavipes which was repelled by a DDT apphcation [16]. Further assessments were those on M. rotundata [23] and B. terrestris [25], which reacted negatively to residues of the three pyrethroids fenvalerate, deltamethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin. Visits of plants treated with pyrethroids by M. rotundata females were reduced by 50 percent compared to control. Generally, bees approached the flowers but did not touch them, or if they did, the contact was very brief. This repellency lasted more than 1 hour with fenvalerate and more than 3 hours with deltamethrin [23]. 

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