Breeding traditional methods

Most of the breeding farms have been in the breeding business for a long time and converted their traditional methods to organie methods. Only for one farm is breeding a... 

The three approaches to create more allelopathic crops are the traditional breeding the incorporation of allelopathic properties to hybrid crop and genetic engineering. The results indicated that the heterotic effect on allelopathy was positively significant, so hybridization could be a promising method. At present, no commercial... 

Mike Lassner (Verdia Inc.) presented examples of the usefulness of directed molecular evolution as an in vitro process that more easily achieves what was traditionally attempted via reproductive crossing and recurrent selection (plant breeding). Proteins may be engineered that have specific desirable characteristics via methods that "evolve" the basic underlying DNA. For example, the outcome can be enzymes with improved kinetic properties that result in enhanced primary production, or proteins that remain operational under extreme conditions. In addition, compositional proteins may be enhanced to provide functional performance that was not achievable via conventional methods. 

To exploit additional market opportunities or to improve oil characteristics, traditional plant breeding methods have been used to create oils with modified fatty acid profiles. 

Boerhaave set the example for the caste of the savante-chimiste (as the French liked to call the elite breed of philosophically minded chemists) or the philosophical chemists (as the English would have it). The ability to scan a wide range of literature, not limited to chemistry, and to shape the problem and theory domains of general significance set this elite brand of chemists apart from ordinary apothecaries and physicians who were concerned primarily with more effective remedies. As an influential medical teacher, Boerhaave s chemical teachings found a broad audience in France, contributing to the transformation of chemical didactics. At a time when the French didactic tradition was at a low ebb, Boerhaave utilized his scholarly training and inclination as a methodical reader to... 

Breeding a mid-oleic sunflower requires at least one oleic parent. The USDA/ ARS Northern Crop Science Laboratory in Fargo, North Dakota, provided private companies with crossing lines of mid-oleic sunflower. Hybrid seeds were developed by traditional crossing methods no hybrids of transgenic sunflower were used. The mid-oleic concentration appears to be controlled by a partially dominant major gene and one or more dominant minor modifier genes (46, 47). 

Orf and Hymowitz (1979) identified soybean lines without Kunitz TI, which enable soybeans to be utilized without heating in feed and some food applications. The Kunitz inhibitor accounts for about 80-90% of the TI native activity. This modification was achieved through traditional breeding methods, but has not become a commercialized trait. 

Some traditional oils are not suitable for nutrition or are less suitable for specific technological uses (e.g., deep-frying) because of their enhanced resistance against oxidation. Therefore, their FA composition has been modified. Oils can be modified, either by classical breeding methods or, in recent years, by genetic manipulation (see Chapter 16). 

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