Breeding radiation

The net yield of thermal neutrons from the fission of is higher than from that of and, furthermore, Th is a more effective neutron absorber than As a result, the breeding of is feasible even in thermal reactors. Unfortunately the use of the Th/ U cycle has been inhibited by reprocessing problems caused by the very high energy y-radiation of some of the daughter products. 

Zach, R., J.L. Hawkins, and S.C. Sheppard. 1993. Effects of ionizing radiation on breeding swallows at current radiation protection standards. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 12 779-786. 

Breeding ratio (BR), 17 586 Bremsstrahlung X-radiation, 24.101-102 external, 21 312 internal, 21 309, 310t in fine art examination/conservation, 11 403... 

In the broadest sense, genetic engineering refers to any artificial process that alters the genetic composition of an organism. Such alterations can be carried out indirectly through chemical methods, radiation, or selective breeding. The term usually refers to the process whereby genes or portions of chromosomes are chemically altered. 

The economic scale of the application of radiation in the field of agriculture in Japan was estimated from public documents to be about 964 million in 1997. The economic scale survey in food irradiation and mutation breeding was extended to the United States for a direct comparison to the situation in Japan. The maximum estimation amounted to 3.2 billion for food irradiation and 11.2 billion for mutation breeding. The economic scale for products in selected agricultural fields was 14.5 billion for the United States and about 0.8 billion for Japan, implying that the former is larger in magnitude by a factor of about 18 [5]. 

Mutation breeding Seeds are put in a highly carcinogenic solution or treated with radiation to induce random changes in the DNA. After germination, surviving seedlings that have new and useful traits are then used by breeders. 

Coppola, R, Mutants obtained after gamma radiation of Jerusalem artichoke cv. Violet de Rennes (Helianthus tuberosus L.), Mutation Breeding Newsl., 28, 9-10, 1986. 

For centuries, mankind tried every possible way to improve quantity and quality of crops. Natural evolution results from spontaneous mutation and selection of the fittest mutants. The rate of mutation occurrence can be multiplied by radiation treatment thereby accelerating evolution and the selection of superior crops. Over the last 50 years, a number of plant breeding programmes have included mutation induction with radiation or chemicals to breed improved crops. 

Calculation of the total amount of transmuted He was carried out by Noda At the first wall region of the solid breeding blanket, the HelApa ratio is predicted to be 100 appm/dpa, Sawan and El-Guebaly also indicated production ratios of 80-170 appm f/e/dpa and 30-70 appm H/dpa at the peak radiation regions of the first wall for various blanket concepts. 

Searle A, Beechey C, Green D, et al. 1980. Comparative effects of protracted exposures to 60Co gamma-radiation and 239Pu alpha-radiation on breeding performance in female mice. Int J Radiat Biol 37 189-200. 

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