Breech births

Heroin use can cause tragic complications during pregnancy, greatly increasing the chances of spontaneous miscarriage, breech deliveries, premature birth, or... 

Hannah ME, Hannah WJ, Hewson SA, et al. (2000) Planned caesarean section versus planned vaginal birth for breech presentation at term a randomised multicentre trial. Term Breech Trial Collaborative Group. Lancet 356 1375-1483... 

More than 50% of femoral fractures are simple transverse, closed and non-comminuted (Rockwood 1991). The middle third is the most frequent site of fracture (70%), followed by the proximal third and lastly the distal third. Femoral fractures occurring before the child is able to walk are strongly associated with child abuse (Gross and Stranger 1983). Birth related fractures are exceedingly rare (0.13 per 1000) and usually associated with twin pregnancies, breech presentation or foetal osteoporosis (Morris et al. 2002). The majority are of spiral configuration. 

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