Breathing fluids

Toxicity and health effects Human exposure to hydrogen bromide causes redness, pain, frostbite, and severe burns and blisters on the skin. Eye contact with the liquid causes redness, pain, severe burns, and possible permanent eye damage. It causes nose and throat irritation, watery eyes, bloody nose, nausea, vomiting, chest pain and/or light-headedness, coughing, shortness of breath, fluid in the lungs or pulmonary edema, unconsciousness, low blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, kidney failure, coma, and death. ... 

Category M fluid service is defined as a fluid service in which a single exposure to a veiy small quantity of atoxic fluid, caused by leakage, can produce serious irreversible harm to persons on breathing or bodily coutacl , even when prompt restorative measures are taken. ... 

Response personnel should be awcire of the possibility of exposure to communicable diseases while handling a victim during a rescue. Transmission routes include blood, bodily fluids and droplet contamination via breathing. Use of bauriers such as impermeable gloves, masks and body coverings and frequent hand washing and removal of any bodily fluids on the skin wll minimize expx>sure. 

Another consequence of the effect of pressure on gas solubility is the painful, sometimes fatal, affliction known as the bends. This occurs when a person goes rapidly from deep water (high pressure) to the surface (lower pressure), where gases are less soluble. The rapid decompression causes air, dissolved in blood and other body fluids, to bubble out of solution. These bubbles impair blood circulation and affect nerve impulses. To minimize these effects, deep-sea divers and aquanauts breathe a helium-oxygen mixture rather than compressed air (nitrogen-oxygen). Helium is only about one-third as soluble as nitrogen, and hence much less gas comes out of solution on decompression. 

During tiie ongoing assessment, tiie nurse assesses the respiratory status every 4 hours and whenever tiie drug is administered. The nurse notes the respiratory rate, lung sounds, and use of accessory muscles in breathing, hi addition, tiie nurse keeps a careful record of the intake and output and reports any imbalance, which may indicate a fluid overload or excessive diuresis. It is important to monitor any patient with a history of cardiovascular problems for chest pain and changes in the electrocardiogram. The primary health care provider may order periodic pulmonary function tests, particularly for patients with emphysema or bronchitis, to help monitor respiratory status. 

The nurse immediately reports any signs of water intoxication or fluid overload (eg, drowsiness, confusion, headache, listlessness, and wheezing, coughing, rapid breathing) to the primary health care provider. 

Children are not small adults. A child s exposure may differ from an adult s exposure in many ways. Children drink more fluids, eat more food, breathe more air per kilogram of body weight, and have a larger skin surface in proportion to their body volume. A child s diet often differs from that of adults. 

The first air-breathing vertebrates have continued not only to differentiate their chemoreceptor cell types, but also to show some increase in morphological complexity. Amphibia show several adaptive features for fluid intake on land, such as the tentacles of the Caecilians, shown in... 

Patients can experience a variety of symptoms related to buildup of fluid in the lungs. Dyspnea, or shortness of breath, can result from pulmonary congestion or systemic hypoperfusion due to LVF. Exertional dyspnea occurs when patients describe breathlessness induced by physical activity or a lower level of activity than previously known to cause breathlessness. Patients often state that activities such as stair climbing, carrying groceries, or walking a particular distance cause shortness of breath. Severity of HF is inversely proportional to the amount of activity required to produce dyspnea. In severe HF, dyspnea will be present even at rest. 

When acids and bases are mixed, a neutralization reaction occurs. Not all acids and bases should be mixed, however. Bleach, which is a solution of sodium or calcium hypochlorite, for example, should never be mixed with any kind of acid because the resulting chemical reaction creates the deadly gas chlorine. Chlorine gas was used as a chemical weapon in World War I, and breathing it can destroy lung tissue. The lungs fill with fluid, and the unfortunate victim eventually dies by suffocation. 

We know that chemical components of mineral oil hydraulic fluids can enter the body if you swallow them or they come in contact with your skin because health effects have occurred in people after they swallowed or had prolonged skin contact with certain mineral oil hydraulic fluids. Health effects have occurred in animals after they breathed, swallowed, or had skin contact with organophosphate ester hydraulic fluids. We do not know if mineral oil hydraulic fluids or polyalphaolefin hydraulic fluids will enter your body from your lungs if you breathe them as vapor or oil mist. 

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