Breakage of drops

In practice, this model is oversimplified since the exciting wake shedding is by no means harmonic and is itself coupled with the shape oscillations and since Eq. (7-30) is strictly valid only for small oscillations and stationary fluid particles. However, this simple model provides a conceptual basis to explain certain features of the oscillatory motion. For example, the period of oscillation, after an initial transient (El), becomes quite regular while the amplitude is highly irregular (E3, S4, S5). Beats have also been observed in drop oscillations (D4). If /w and are of equal magnitude, one would expect resonance to occur, and this is one proposed mechanism for breakage of drops and bubbles (Chapter 12). 

Number of daughter drops of diameter between a and a + da produced by breakage of drops of diameter a and a + da per unit volume of dispersion per unit time r(c, t) Rate of reaction... 

Kolmogorov AN (1949) On the Breakage of Drops in a Turbnlent Flow. Dokl Akad Navk SSSR 66 825-828... 

It is worth mentioning some works, in which the effect of electric field on other processes has been studied. In [69-76] it has been shown that the electric field intensifies the heat-mass-transfer between drops and the ambient liquid. In [77], the breakage of drops of finite conductivity in the electric field has been discussed. 

The majority of theoretical works that take into account the breakage of drops assume that two identical drops are formed after the breakage. The probability of breakage in this elementary model is... 

In the considered case, the basic mechanisms of formation of droplets in the turbulent gas flow are processes of coagulation and breakage of drops. These two processes proceed simultaneously. As a result, the size distribution of the drops is established. Assuming homogeneity and isotropy of the turbulent flow, this distribution looks like a logarithmic normal distribution [1] ... 

Breakage of drops in a turbulent gas flow occurs due to the inertial effect caused by a significant difference of density of liquid and gas, and also due to difference of pulsation velocities, i.e. velocities of turbulent pulsations flowing around a drop, at opposite ends of the drop. Breakage of a drop thus occurs due... 

When the eddy size is (i) smaller than (ii) but not too small as to have very low energy content, its interaction with the particle is significant. Such interaction can lead to higher rates of mass transfer provided the eddy frequency is also high. For multiphase systems, these eddies are also responsible for breakage of drops/bubbles (Section 7A.5.1 and Fig. 7A.11). 

A. Kolmogorov, On the breakage of drops in a turbulent flow, Dokl. Akad. Navk. SSSR 66, 825-828 (1949). 

Drop breakage occurs when surrounding fluid stresses exceed the surface resistance of drops. Drops are first elongated as a result of pressure fluctuations and then spHt into small drops with a possibiUty of additional smaller fragments (Fig. 19). Two types of fluid stresses cause dispersions, viscous shear and turbulence. In considering viscous shear effects, it is assumed that the drop size is smaller than the Kohnogoroff microscale, Tj. 

It is also possible to provide this protection in such relays. This will provide very vital system process information. A sudden drop in load may be the result of a fallout of the load due to disengagement of the coupling, breakage of a belt or a tool, etc. It can therefore help monitor the system process line more accurately. 

Waters et al. [5] stated that the presence of iron ore fines in the test sample at levels greater than 10% by mass had a cushioning effect, which reduced lump breakage during drop tests. They also observed that the amount of degradation was not significantly different, when lump iron ore drop on different impact surface. 

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