Brain injury, traumatic antioxidants

New research on the antioxidative properties of creatine shows that the supplement may have even therapeutic properties beyond the treatment of musculoskeletal disease and injury. A 2000 study in Annals of Neurology reported that creatine had a protective effect against traumatic brain injury (TBI) in animal studies, reducing brain damage in mice and rats by up to 50%. 

Several murine models support a role for oxidative stress in neuronal degeneration. For example, overexpression of SOD isoenzymes reduces both global and focal ischemic injury in models of traumatic brain injury (58-60). Conversely, targeted deletion of Cu, Zn-SOD and extracellular (EC)-SOD worsens the outcome of focal ischemia (61,62). Recently, an especially intriguing protective effect has been observed in a model of cerebral ischemia using middle cerebral artery occlusion (63-65). Application of the EC-SOD mimic, AEOL10113 (a metalloporphyrin catalytic antioxidant) [manganese(III) maso-tetrakis (A-ethylpyridinium-2-yl) porphyrin],... 

Bayir H, Andelson PD, Wisniewski SR, Shore P, Lai Y, Brown D, Janesko KL, Kagan VE, Kochanek PM (2009) Therapeutic hypothermia preserves antioxidant defenses after severe traumatic brain injury in infants and children. Crit Care Med 37 689-695... 

Cornelius, C., Crupi, R., Calabrese, V, et al., 2013. Traumatic brain injury oxidative stress and neuroprotection. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 19 (8), 836-853. 

Bayir, H., Kagan, V.E., Tyurina, Y.Y., et al, 2002. Assessment of antioxidant reserves and oxidative stress in cerebrospinal fluid after severe traumatic brain injury in infants and children. Pediatr. Res. 51, 571-578. 

Hall, E.D., Vaishnav, R.A., Mustafa, A.G., 2010. Antioxidant therapies for traumatic brain injury. Neurotherapeutics 7,51-61. 

---