Botox botulinum toxin type

Bose-Einstein condensation, 17 352 Bosons, 17 352 Boswellic acids, 24 557 Botox (Clostridium botulinum toxin type A), 2 816 Bottle centrifuge operation, 5 528-529 theory of performance, 5 507-508 Bottle polymerizatioi, 20 376 Bottles... 

Primary axillary hyperhidrosis (Botox only) The recommended dose is 50 units per axilla. Define the hyperhidrotic area to be injected using standard staining techniques (eg. Minor s Iodine-Starch Test). Botulinum toxin type A is reconstituted with 0.9% nonpreserved sterile saline (100 units/4 mL). Using a 30-gauge needle, 50 units of botulinum toxin type A (2 mL) is injected intradermally in 0.1 to 0.2 mL aliquots to each axilla evenly distributed in multiple sites (10 to 15) approximately 1 to 2 cm apart. 

Blepharospasm (Botox only) For blepharospasm, reconstituted botulinum toxin type A is injected using a sterile, 27- to 30-gauge needle without electromyographic guidance. The initial recommended dose is 1.25 to 2.5 units (0.05 to 0.1 mL volume at... 

Strabismus (Botox only) The volume of botulinum toxin type A injected for treatment of strabismus should be between 0.05 to 0.15 mL per muscle. 

Botulinum Toxin Type A (Botox, Botox Cosmetic, Myobloc, Dysport)... 

This chapter deals with botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX) in the treatment of strabismus, blepharospasm, and related disorders. Botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX) has been used to treat strabismus, blepharospasm, Meige s syndrome, and spasmodic torticollis. By preventing acetylcholine release at me neuromuscular junction, botulinum toxin A usually causes a temporary paralysis of the locally injected muscles. The variability in duration of paralysis may be related to me rate of developing antibodies to me toxin, upregulation of nicotinic cholinergic postsynaptic receptors, and aberrant regeneration of motor nerve fibers at me neuromuscular junction. Complications related to this toxin include double vision (diplopia) and lid droop (ptosis). 

Binder, W.J. Botulinum Toxin Type A (Botox) For Treatment Of Migraine Headache. Otolaryngology And Head And Neck Surgery 123, no. 6 (2000) 669-676. 

BOTULINUM TOXIN TYPE A (Botox powder for injection)... 

The long term care nurse is administering botulinum toxin Type A (Botox), an anti-spasmodic, to a client diagnosed with a brain attack. Which statement best describes the scientific rationale for administering this medication ... 

The established drug names have also been changed, in order to reinforce individual potencies and prevent medication errors. The new name to replace botulinum toxin type A is OnabotulinumtoxinA (marketed as Botox and Botox Cosmetic). The name that replaces to botulinum toxin type B is RimabotulinumtoxinB (marketed as Myobloc). The FDA has also approved another botulinum toxin product in this class, AbobotulinumtoxinA (marketed as Dysport), and this product also includes boxed warnings. 

Clostridium botulinum (Type A-Str.62), exposure to ethylene-dichlorodifluoro-methane mixture, 8 635t Clostridium botulinum toxin (Botox) type A, 2 816... 

Surprisingly perhaps, given its extreme toxicity, botulinum toxin was introduced into medical practice in 1983 to treat patients with squint. Since then, its use has been expanded to include other disorders of muscle control suffered by patients with cerebral palsy or after a severe stroke where the brain cannot control the muscles, which may remain permanently contracted. Tiny amounts of the toxin are injected into the affected muscle, which then becomes paralyzed and, so, relaxed. There are several forms of the toxin that are now marketed as "Botox 7 (type A toxin) and Myobloc (type B toxin). More recently, Botox has been used in "cosmetic77 medicine as a way of reducing lines and wrinkles in the face due to aging. 

There are different commercially available botulinum toxins in different names (Table 18.5). Out of that, Botox is the most popular one which is usually referred generically instead of botulinum. Type A is commonly used as a wrinkle reducing agent as its effect lasts longer than that of type B. Still type B is preferred as it gives instant result. Type B botulinum was also recommended in the case, where chronic regular usage of type A results in immune response in the users. - ... 

Hollow structures can also be prepared by the self-assembly of stave or rod-like subunits into barrel or bundle-shaped frameworks. This is one of the most common strategies in nature for channel formation, where the rod-like molecules of the barrel-stave type are /S-sheets or a-helices of amphipathic character. The central cavity has hydrophilic properties, while the lipophilic area is oriented outward, in contact with the membrane of the cell. A natural example of this type of protein is a-hemolysin, a bacterium toxin formed by seven identical subunits that self-assemble when in contact with the cell membrane. This assembly gives rise to a mushroom-shaped structure, whose trunk is formed by a -barrel that is inserted into the cell membrane. The resulting channel has a diameter of 13 A at its narrowest point and can transport ions and other molecules. Other natural examples based on this model —but using an a-helix instead of f-sheets—include cholera toxin, potassium channels, porins, aquaporins, and the most powerful toxin known to date, botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT, known as Botox), broadly studied by Mental s group. ... 

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