Boronia

Source Formic acid naturally occurs in carrots, soybean roots, carob, yarrow, aloe, Levant berries, bearberries, wormwood, ylang-ylang, celandine, jimsonweed, water mint, apples, tomatoes, bay leaves, common juniper, ginkgo, scented boronia, corn mint, European pennyroyal, and bananas (Duke, 1992). 

Prenylated salicylic acid derivatives, including 3-famesyl-2-hydroxy-benzoic acid (Fig. 7) isolated from the leaves of Piper multiplinervium C. DC. (Piperaceae) showed mii-Helicobacter pylori activity at MIC 37.5 pg/mL Boropinic acid (Fig. 7), an active constituent isolated from Boronia pinnata (Fam. Rutaceae) had activity against HP with an MIC value of 1.62 pglmL Five novel compounds, psoracorylifols A-E (1-5) with important activity against Helicobacter pylori MICs 12.5-25 pg/mL were isolated from a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia by Yin et al 2006. 

Fig. 7. Novel 3-famesyl-2-hydroxybenzoic acid isolated from the leaves of Piper multiplinervium C. DC. (Piperaceae) with anti-HP activity. Boropinic add, from Boronia pinnata also exhibiting significant activity, with an MIC of 1.62 pg/mL.

The odor quality and strength of the two citronellol enantiomers were found to be different.The (35)(—)-enantiomer (Rhodinol) possesses a much finer rose odor than the (3i )(+)-enantiomer. (35)(-)-Citronellol has a sweat, peach-like flavor, while (3i )(- -)-citronellol has a bitter taste. (35 )(—)-Citronellol has been found in a number of geranium and rose oils. (3i )(+)-Citronellol occurs in the oils of Ceylon and Java citronella, Cymhopogon winttrianusff Boronia citriodora. Eucalyptus citriodoraff geranium, Spanish verbena and others. Because of the... 

These compounds are almost exclusively accumulated in aerial parts and leaves from genera of the Rutaceae such as Bosistoa, Boronia, and Melicope, and rarely in Euodia and Zanthox-ylum. There is a strong tendency towards prenylation at the 7-OH or 4 -OH group. From aerial parts of Boronia coerulescens, a derivative with 3,4 -(9-prenylation was also described (compound 130, Table 12.4). Similarly, only one C-6-(9-derivative was reported from the aerial parts of Melicope. Two 7-epoxy derivatives have already been listed in the previous survey. Combination with methylenedioxy substitution is less frequent, concerning a few sources of Rutaceae and Asteraceae only. Probably, these constituents are partly accumulated externally. 

Ahsan, M. et al., Novel O-prenylated flavonoids from two varieties of Boronia coerulescens, Phytochemistry, 37, 259, 1994. 

OH-7-OMe-4 -OPr C21H22O5 354 4 -0-Prenylsakuranetin Boronia coerulescens Rutaceae Aerial 80... 

DiOH-4 -OGer C25H28O5 408 4 -0-Geranylnaringenin Boronia caerulescens ssp. spinescens Rutaceae Aerial 80... 

TetraOH FLAVANONES BEARING 6-Farnesyl CsoHseOg 492 (Figure 15.3) Boronia ramosa Rutaceae Aerial 119... 

From a chemosystematic point of view, it is interesting to note that prenylated flavonoids such as microfolione (56) have been found in a species of the family Ptaeroxylaceae, because the relationships of this family with other families were disputed in the past. Most taxonomists considered the Ptaeroxylaceae closely related to families in the order Rutales to which the Rutaceae and Meliaceae belong, whereas others considered it related to the Sapindaceae. Flavonoid chemistry supports a close relationship to the Rutaceae and Meliaceae, as iso-prenylated flavanones also occur in these families, e.g., 58 and 98 in Boronia coerulescens ssp. spinescens, the farnesyl-bearing 121 (Figure 15.3) in B. ramosa (Rutaceae)," and flowerine (59) and flowerone (60) in Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae). Microfolione is one of the few new flavanones for which the (2i )-configuration has been determined. 

Boronia caerulescens ssp. spicata Morus cathayana Sophora flavescens Petalostemum purpureum Morus cathayana Morus cathayana Morus cathayana Sophora flavescens Echinosophora koreensis... 

Ahsan, M., Armstrong, J.A., and Waterman, P.G., Dihydrochalcones from the aerial parts of Boronia inconspicua. Phytochemistry, 36, 799, 1994. 

In many natural products citronellol occurs as a mixture of its two enantiomers the pure (+) or (-) form is seldom found. (+)-Citronellol dominates in oils from Boronia citriodora (total citronellol content ca. 80%) and Eucalyptus citriodora (citronellol content 15-20%). (-)-Citronellol is the predominant enantiomer in geranium and rose oils, both of which may contain up to 50% citronellols. 

Concretes, which are actually intermediate products (see below), are prepared mainly from flowers (rose, jasmine, tuberose, jonquil, ylang-ylang, mimosa, boronia, etc.), but also from other plant materials (lavender, lavandin, geranium, clary sage, violet leaves, oak moss, etc.). A yield of ca. 0.3% based on the starting flower material, is obtained in the production of jasmine concrete. 

MacTavish, H. S Davies, N. W. and Menary, R. C. (2000). Emission of volatiles from brown Boronia flowers some comparative observations. Annals of Botany 86 347-354. 

A. ovata, A. peglerae, A. serpyllacea, Agathosma sp., Asterolasia inuelleri, Boenninghausia albiflora, Boronia caerulescens, B. nana,... 

P-Citronellol (= 3,7-Dimethyl-6-octen-l-ol) (monoterpene) Pelargonium odoratissimum (Geraniaceae), Rosa damascena, R. gallica (Rosaceae), Boronia citriodora (boronia leaf oil) (Rutaceae) OD-R... 

P-Ionone mixture) (Iridaceae), Boronia megastigma (boronia dilute, violet-like)... 

Aniba sp. (Annonaceae), Canarium commune, C. indicum (Burseraceae), Croton nepetaefolius (Euphorbiaceae), Dalbergia spruceata, Monopteryx uauca (Fabaceae), Cymbopogon procerus (Poaceae), Melaleuca bracteata (Myrtaceae), Boronia pinnata (Rutaceae)... 

Boronia Boronia Aroma therapy. Notably ionone. 

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