Boron-carbon-metal system

E. Rudy, Ternary phase equilibria in transition metal-boron-carbon-silicon systems. Part V. Compendium of phase diagram data. Tech. Rep. AFML-TR—Air Force Mater. Lab. (US.) AFML-TR-65-2 (1969). 

Rudy, E. and Windisch, S. in Ternary Phase Equilibria in Transition Metal-Boron-Carbon Silicon Systems, Part I, Vol. Vll, Technical Report No. AFML-TR-65-2, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH, 1966. 

Bor] Borisov, E.V., Gruzin, P.L., Zemskii, S.V., CandMoinCr, Cr-Fe, and Cr-Ta Alloys, Impurity Tracer Diffusion , Diff. Data, 3,266 (1969) (Kinetics, Transport Phenomena, Abstract, 0) [1969Rud] Rudy, E., Ternary Phase EquiUbria in Transition Metal-Boron-Carbon-Silicon Systems. 

Rog] Rogl, P, Metal-Boron-Carbon Ternary Systems , Effenbeig, G. (Ed.), MSIT-ASM International, OH, USA, 1-480 (1998) (Crys. Structure, Phase Diagram, Thermodyn., Review, )... 

The discovery of 1 (1), in 1970, opened a new and fascinating chapter of organometallic chemistry. This cation was the first compound derived from the hypothetical borabenzene 2 and the first complex of a classical boron-carbon ligand. Since then approximately 100 borabenzene derivatives, mainly complexes of 3d metals, have been characterized. Other unsaturated boron-carbon systems have been shown to act as ligands to metals (2). This development has also strongly stimulated the challenging quest for the simple species 2-5. 

Rogl, P. and G. Eftenberg Phase Diagrams of Ternary Metal-Boron-Carbon Systems, ASM International, Materials Park, OH. 1998. 

Aluminum, boron, carbon, iron, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur and titanium are the common impurities in the SoG-Si feedstock. Arsenic and antimony are frequently used as doping agents. Transition metals (Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, V, W, and Zr), alkali and alkali-earth impurities (Li, Mg, and Na), as well as Bi, Ga, Ge, In, Pb, Sn, Te, and Zn may appear in the SoG-Si feedstock. A thermochemical database that covers these elements has recently been developed at SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, which has been designed for use within the composition space associated with the SoG-Si materials. All the binary and several critical ternary subsystems have been assessed and calculated results have been validated with the reliable experimental data in the literature. The database can be regarded as the state-of-art equilibrium relations in the Si-based multicomponent system. 

K-bonding electrons to form the metal-carbon bonds their structures may be regarded as mixed metal-carbon clusters, the shapes of which clearly reflect the numbers of electrons available as do the mixed boron-carbon cluster shapes of carboranes. All are members of the same family of hypercarbon systems. 

The interstitial structures comprise the compounds of certain metallic elements, notably the transition metals and those of the lanthanide and actinide series, with the four non-metallic elements hydrogen, boron, carbon and nitrogen. In chapter 8 we discussed the structures of a number of hydrides, borides, carbides and nitrides of the most electropositive metals, and these we found to be typical salt-like compounds with a definite composition and with physical properties entirely different from those of the constituent elements they are generally transparent to light and poor conductors of electricity. The systems now to be considered are strikingly different. They resemble... 

MMCs are usually reinforced by either monofilaments, discontinuous fibers, whiskers, particulates, or wires. With the exception of wires, which are metals, reinforcements are generally made of advanced ceramics such as boron, carbon, alumina and silicon carbide. The metal wires used are made of tungsten, beryllium, titanium, and molybdenum. Currently, the most important wire reinforcements are tungsten wire in superalloys and superconducting materials incorporating niobium-titanium and niobium-tin in a copper matrix. The most important MMC systems are presented in Table 18.5. 

Rog] Rogl, R, Niobium-Boron-Carbon , in Phase Diagrams of Ternary Metal-Boron-Carbon Systems", Effenberg, G., (Ed), ASM-Intl, MSI, 197-213 (1998) (Review, Ciys. Strueture, Experimental, Phase Diagram, 25)... 

Electronic-Grade MMCs. Metal-matrix composites can be tailored to have optimal thermal and physical properties to meet requirements of electronic packaging systems, eg, cotes, substrates, carriers, and housings. A controUed thermal expansion space tmss, ie, one having a high precision dimensional tolerance in space environment, was developed from a carbon fiber (pitch-based)/Al composite. Continuous boron fiber-reinforced aluminum composites made by diffusion bonding have been used as heat sinks in chip carrier multilayer boards. 

Reaction conditions that involve other enolate derivatives as nucleophiles have been developed, including boron enolates and enolates with titanium, tin, or zirconium as the metal. These systems are discussed in detail in the sections that follow, and in Section 2.1.2.5, we discuss reactions that involve covalent enolate equivalents, particularly silyl enol ethers. Scheme 2.1 illustrates some of the procedures that have been developed. A variety of carbon nucleophiles are represented in Scheme 2.1, including lithium and boron enolates, as well as titanium and tin derivatives, but in... 

Glaser, F. W. Contribution to the Metal-Carbon-Boron Systems. J. Metals 4, 391 (1952). 

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