Boosters with detonator

Fuze, PD M56. It is a supersensitive type used with 37-mm HE shells. The fuze consists of the following parts (See Fig 1-77), joined by threads a nose (B), a head assembly (F) snd body (L), The body holds the booster charge (M) and an interrupter (N) which contains a part of the explosive train connecting the booster with the detonator (H), which is located in its assembly (G) screwed into recess of head assembly (F). 

A cylindrical extension housing the booster (with 38.2 grains of Tetryl), projects from the base of the fuze body. Its overall length is 16.4-in, wt 10.5-lb, and diam of its widest part is ca 3-in. It is detonator-safe, delay-armed type arming after 110 0-ft of air travel and functions upon impact thru two independent trains of 0.08-sec delay. The fuze is used in armor-piercing bombs to allow penetration of the target before detonation... 

All the three organic substances mentioned above, when dissolved in 80% H202, give mixtures detonated by a detonating cap and a booster with a rate of about 7000 m/sec, which drops to 2300 m/sec as the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is reduced. When weakly initiated they detonate with a rate of 750 m/sec only (Schumb, Satterfield and Wentworth [39]). 

For example, unconfined 50mm x 20cm sticks of cast TNT boostered with 15g Tetryl would not propagate the deton, while similar sticks contg 1% Ca phosphate (of specific surface area 15m 2/g bulk d 0.03g/ml) detonated... 

The propellant (400 to 460g) of was put into the 50/60 steel pipe, the void was filled with sand, and the pipe was attached to 50g of a No. 21 booster to detonate. Fig. 5.51 shows the results of plotting the bubble energy (E n )in the steel pipe test against that of the VP pipe test (E b ). Among the composite propellants, only sample C induced... 

Type 94 Model 2 was a ground controlled hemispherical mine with a base diam 28 inches and height 25 inches, contg 190 lbs of Type 88 Explosive. The firing cable entered the Booster and Detonator well thru the side of the case (pp 38-39, Fig 5)... 

All mixtures will explode with detonator and yellow or white powder from sawdust. The powder is called the booster. 

Out-of-Line Safety. A term descriptive of a method by which detonator safety or bore safety is attained. In the safe condition, one or more components of the fuze or booster expl train are in a non-aligned condition with respect to the other components, so that normal functioning cannot occur Ref OrdTechTerm (1962), 216-R... 

The detonator booster may remain connected to the warhead or it may unscrew as part of the fuse section, depending upon the tightness of the respective threads. If the booster remains connected to the warhead, handle it with care. The exposed red dot on the booster is a stab-sensitive detonator. Cover this with tape or other protection until ready to prime the charge. 

In general, detonation test apparatus consists of a steel tube that is filled with the substance under investigation. One end of the tube is provided with a booster charge consisting of an electric detonator covered by detonative material. The other end is either closed or provided with a witness plate. One type of steel tube apparatus is provided with a velocity probe to record the shock wave velocity as shown in Figure 2.28. 

Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) is a colorless crystalline solid that is very sensitive to initiation by a primary explosive. It is a powerful secondary explosive that has a great shattering effect. It is used in commercial blasting caps, detonation cords, and boosters. PETN is not used in its pure form because it is too sensitive to friction and impact. It is usually mixed with plasticized nitrocellulose or with synthetic rubbers to form PBXs. The most common form of explosive composition containing PETN is Pentolite, a mixture of 20 to 50% PETN and TNT. PETN can be incorporated into gelatinous industrial explosives. The military has in most cases replaced PETN with RDX because RDX is more thermally stable and has a longer shelf life. PETN is insoluble in water, sparingly soluble in alcohol, ether, and benzene, and soluble in acetone and methyl acetate. 

Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) (3) is a powerful explosive which exhibits considerable brisance on detonation (VOD 8310 m/s at = 1.77 g/cm ). It is the most stable and least reactive of the common nitrate ester explosives. The relatively high sensitivity of PETN to friction and impact means that it is usually desensitized with phlegmatizers like wax and the product is used in detonation cord, boosters and as a base charge in detonators. Pentaerythritol tetranitrate can be mixed with synthetic polymers to form plastic bonded explosives (PBXs) like detasheet and Semtex-IA. A cast mixture of PETN and TNT in equal proportions is known as pentolite and has seen wide use as a military explosive and in booster charges. The physical, chemical and explosive properties of PETN commend its use as a high explosive. 

A number of important explosives contain nitramino functionality in conjunction with nitrate ester or C-nitro functionality. A-Nitrodiethanolamine dinitrate (DINA) (7) is a powerful explosive which can be melt-cast into charges. A,2,4,6-Tetranitro-A-methylaniline (tetryl) (8) exhibits high brisance (VOD 7920 m/s, d = 1.73 g/cm ) and has found application in both detonators and boosters, in addition to being a component of some composite high explosives. 

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