Booster application

Nema, S.K., Francis, A.V., Nair, P.R., and Gowariker, V.R. (1976) Low oxygen containing polyesters in low cost polyurethane propellants for large booster applications. AIAA/SAE 15th Propulsion Conference, Palo Alto, California, 26-27 July, 1976. 

With the exception of the dead-band booster, the application of booster relavs has diminished sornewEat bv the increased use of ciir-rent-to-pressiire transducers, electropneiirnatic positioners, and electronic control svsterns. Transducers and valve positioners serve much the same fiinctionalitv as the booster relav in addition to interfacing with the electronic process controller. 

Barrel or canned vertical turbine pumps can be used in-line (Piping, auxiliary booster, and low NPSH applications). 

Most ethylene plants operate continuously with the expanders operating at or near design conditions. If necessary, due to their unique design characteristics, radial inflow turboexpanders can accommodate a wide range of process conditions without significant losses in thermal or mechanical efficiency. Expanders may be loaded with booster compressors, gear-coupled generators, dynamometers, or other in-plant mechanical equipment such as pumps. In ethylene plants, turboexpanders are typically used in eitlier post-boost or pre-boost applications. 

In pre-boost applications, an integral booster compressor feeds an expander and the complexity of interactions is different than in postboost applications where the integral booster compressor is downstream from the turboexpander. 

In some applications (usually high pressure compressors using oil film seals) alternative pump schemes should be considered. It may be that the desired seal pressure is not achievable by one set of pumps or the quantity required by the seal is small relative to the main pump capacity. There are (imes when booster pumps are needed however, if the reason is energy, it would be worth reviewing the economics very carefully, because reliability tends to suffer with the booster. The booster pumps are paired into a main and standby and are configured to take suction fro lower pressure system. Sufficient interlocks have to be supplied drivers so that if the main pumps shutdown, the boosters come ... 

Poppet valves are typically used for low compression ratio applications, such as pipeline booster compressors. As the pressure differential increases across each of the individual poppets, they lift and allow gas to pass through the flow openings in the stop plate. 

Installation arrangements, 351 Pump-down time, 380 Selection procedure, 374 Specification form, 377 Specifications, 373 Steam jet comparison, 356 Types of loads, 359 Ejectors, 346 Applications, 353 Barometric condenser, 249, 376 Booster, 370 Calculations Actual air capacity, 362 Air equivalent, 360... 

NONA combines exceptional heat stability with a very low vap press, making it attractive as a booster expl in space applications Refs 1) J.C. Dacons, Heat Resistant Explosives VIII 2,2,4,4,6,6 -Hexanitrobiphenyl (HNB) ... 

If an expl is to be used as a booster, the same requirements as in (1) are applicable, except that the impact sensitivity should be higher (Tetryl, PETN, RDX, ciyst PA, Nitromannite, etc, would be suitable)... 

Alkalinity boosters, which are vitally necessary to enable carbonate, phosphate, balanced polymer (polymer plus phosphate or chelant), and some other program types to function, are perhaps best described as conjunctional treatments, whereas oxygen scavengers, antifoams, and condensate line corrosion inhibitors are adjuncts. Programs such as phosphate-tannin mixtures are sometimes described as adjunct treatments. The chemistries and applications of various types of conjunctional treatments and adjuncts are described in this chapter. 

A system of cascaded booster pumps has the characteristics of a medium-size rotary vane pump but does not present the drawback of the back-streaming. For this reason, it finds application in cryogenics, for example, for the circulation of the He mixture in dilution refrigerators. 

A number of important explosives contain nitramino functionality in conjunction with nitrate ester or C-nitro functionality. A-Nitrodiethanolamine dinitrate (DINA) (7) is a powerful explosive which can be melt-cast into charges. A,2,4,6-Tetranitro-A-methylaniline (tetryl) (8) exhibits high brisance (VOD 7920 m/s, d = 1.73 g/cm ) and has found application in both detonators and boosters, in addition to being a component of some composite high explosives. 

In sending a rocket into the sky we are calling into action several laws of physics and chemistry, and the same laws apply whether the application is a small firework rocket weighing a few ounces or a solid propellant booster for the space shuttle containing around 300 tons of propellant. These fundamental processes may be conveniently divided into internal ballistics and external ballistics. 

Fig 4-59 (Hydrostatic Tail Fuze AN-MK230, comparison of booster) 4-96 to 4-107 [Miscellaneous Fuzes for specialized applications, which include Fuze FMU-7A/B, Fuze M129 (p 4-98, Fig 4-62), Fuze M130A1 (p 4-102, Fig 4-64) and Fuze M131A1 (p... 

In some cases, blade-type rotary compressors are used in low temperature applications as high volume, low stage, or booster compressor (Fig. 9). These booster compressors are applied at suction conditions varying from —87 to — 20°C with compression ratios of 7 1 using CFC-12, HCFC-22, or ammonia. 

Space exploration application areas can be further subdivided— namely, booster propulsion, upper stage propulsion, and spacecraft control propulsion. The requirements in each of these general areas are different. 

The manufacturing process of BX4 was found to be more favorable than that of BX3. The detonation pressure and test of their ability to initiate a secondary explosive have shown that BX4 is the most powerful of these formulations and therefore, it is considered the most promising booster formulation. Another attribute of BX4 is that it could be converted into a blast formulation by the addition of aluminum powder and this modified formulation may find application as a main-charge blast formulation. 

CA 70, 69753k (1969) (Prepn of K HNDPh, useful as a booster expl in high temp applications, such as in missiles)... 

HNS has a uniquely small critical diam ( 0.020 inch), i s practically insensitive to electrostatic spark, is less sensitive to impact than Tetryl, is radiation resistant, and is the only commercially available expl meeting the expl sensitivity requirements of the Fuze Design Safety Criteria of all three services (Ref 8) Uses HNS is used as a heat-resistant booster expl. It is sufficiently insensitive to heat, impact, and electrostatic spark to be used in mild detonating fuse (MDF) end couplers St end boosters. It may find application in leads and in plastic-bonded HE s... 

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