Boliden lead process

Boliden (2) A lead extraction process in which a sulfide ore, mixed with coke, is smelted in an electric furnace, air jets forming vortices between the electrodes. Discontinued in 1988 in favor of the Kaldo process, using a rotating furnace. 

Bois de rose, in perfumes, 1<5 366 Boliden s Kaldo lead smelting process,... 

Boliden s Kaldo process of, 14 742-743 Isasmelt process of, 14 743-745 Kivcet process of, 14 739-740 Outokumpu process of, 14 745 QSL process of, 14 740-742 Lead stabilizers, for PVC polymers, 25 671 Lead storage battery, 14 783. See also Lead-acid batteries Lead-calcium alloy batteries... 

At the Ronnskar works of Boliden AB in Sweden, which include both a copper and a lead smelter, a cyclic process using water as the absorbent concentrates sulfur dioxide both to produce liquid sulfur dioxide and for feed to acid plants (20, 21). The process is reported to give an absorption efficiency of about 98% on gas containing 2% sulfur dioxide. Water is not normally a favorable solvent for such an application but can be used in this case because it is available at a low temperature, less than 5°C for most of the year. Recovery of sulfur dioxide from the complete smelter is to be increased from 90 to 95% by applying water-cooled collecting hoods and waste heat boilers to all the copper converters (20). 

The first commercial installation of the standard slag fuming furnace was at the Asarco, East Helena lead smelter in Montana in 1927, and this furnace design has subsequently been applied at a number of other major lead smelters. Copper smelter slags rich in zinc are also processed in conventional slag turners such as at Boliden s Ronnskar smelter in Sweden, and at the Hin Flon smelter of Hudson Bay Mining and Smelting Company. 

Boliden opened a plant using this technology in Sweden in 1976, the first direct smelting process to be used for the commercial production of lead in the Western World. The Kaldo furnace (or top blown rotary converter), is in widespread use for nickel and copper smelting and refining, but Boliden s 65000tpy Ronnskar plant is the sole example in the lead industry. 

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