Bog plants

Armstrong W. (1964) Oxygen diffusion from the roots of some British bog plants. Nature 204, 801-802. 

Armstrong, W. and D. J. Boatman. 1967. Some field observations relating to growth of bog plants to conditions of soil aeration. J. Ecol. 55 101-110. 

According to the autochthonous, in situ theory of coal formation, peat beds and subsequently coal were formed from the accumulation of plants and plant debris in place. According to the allochthonous theory, the coal-producing peat bogs or swamps were formed from plant debris that had been transported, usually by streams or coastal currents, to the observed burial sites. 

Sumpf-erz, n. bog ore. -gas, n. marsh gas. sumpfig, a. Swampy, marshy, boggy. Sumpf-kalk, m. slaked lime, -luft, /. marsh gas. -moos, n. swamp moss, sphagnum (moss), -nelke, /. piirple avens (Geum rivale). -ol, n. sump oil. -pfianze, /. marsh plant, -porsch, -porst, m. marsh tea (Ledum pa-lusirei. -silge,/. marsh parsley (Peucedanum palustre). 

As with other factors, no direct statements can be made relating the reaction of a soil to its corrosive properties. Extremely acid soils (pH 4 0 and lower) can cause rapid corrosion of bare metals of most types. This degree of acidity is not common, being limited to certain-bog soils and soils made acid by large accumulations of acidic plant materials such as needles in a coniferous forest. Most soils range from pH5 0 to pH8 0, and corrosion rates are apt to depend on many other environmental factors rather than soil reaction per se. The 45-year study of underground corrosion conducted by the United States Bureau of Standards included study of the effect of soils of varying pH on different metals, and extensive data were reported. 

Bogs J, Jaffe FW, Takos AM, Walker AR, Robinson SP (2007) Plant Physiol 143 1347... 

Biodegradation of diisopropyl methylphosphonate was not observed in acclimated cultures of bog water obtained from the RMA, even after the addition of extra carbon sources and an incubation period of up to 12 weeks (Spanggord et al. 1979). In addition, no biodegradation of diisopropyl methylphosphonate was observed in waters obtained from the Palo Alto sewage plant aeration tank or from a pond near Searsville Lake in Woodside, California. 

Releases of hydrogen sulfide to water occur both naturally and as a result of human activity. Hydrogen sulfide released from aquatic plants, or as a result of anaerobic chemical processes in swamps and bogs, may dissolve in the water column or bind to clay or organic matter. 

Hillman, G. (1986). Plant foods in ancient diet The archaeological role of palaeofae-ces in general and Lindow Man s gut contents in particular, in Stead, I. M., J. B. Bourke, and D. Brothwell (eds.), Lindow Man The Body in the Bog, Cornell Univ.,... 

Drosera rotundifolia L., or round leaf sundew, is a little perennial herb that can reach 35 cm in height. The plant is found in temperate bogs and swampy areas. The leaves are simple, fleshy, broadly ovate and arranged into rosettes. The leaves are covered with sticky, shiney, red tentacles. The flowers are pink (Fig. 23). 

Deluc L, Bogs J, Walker AR, Ferrier T, Decendit A, Merillon JM, Robinson SP and Barrieu F. 2008. The transcription factor VvMYB5b contributes to the regulation of anthocyanin and proanthocyanin biosynthesis in developing grape berries. Plant Physiol 147 2041-2053. 

Cranberry plants produce growth inhibitors requiring cranberry growers to remove fallen leaves and berries from their fields. If this dead material is allowed to remain it will cause reduced yields and growth. If it is allowed to accumulate over a period of years, it will result in dead areas in the bog. 

Intentional preservation such as that of Egyptian and Chinese mummies is not the only means by which archaeologists find ancient bodies. Sometimes accidental circumstances set up environmental conditions that also preserve a body. For example, peat bogs are wetlands with an accumulation of peat—partially decayed plants—and are common in northern Europe. Bodies that fell or were thrown into peat bogs thousands of years ago have been preserved, possibly due to the bog s lack of oxygen or the presence of antimicrobial chemicals. Hundreds of bog mummies, and partial mummies, have been found. 

Analysis of pollen and spores preserved in acid soils and peat bogs has given rise to palynology. This approach is based on the assumption that the type of tree and plants growing in a particular terrestrial region are indicator of the climate. Morphological characteristics of the specimens are observed with the help of light and electron microscopes [64]. 

Peat. This is an unconsolidated deposit of semicarbonized plant remains of a water-saturated environment, such as a bog Dr fen, and of persistently high moisture content (minimum of 75%). It is considered an early stage or rank in the development of coal. The carbon content is about 60% oxygen content is about 30%. Structures of the vegetal matter can be seen. When dried, peat bums freely. 

Coal is Interspersed as individual beds within other types of sedimentary rock beds, including sandstones, limestones, clays, shales, and mixtures of these materials. The plant material that ultimately became coal deposits was accumulated in upland bogs, coastal or near-coastal swamps, or della plains. It is envisioned that the conditions were somewhat similar to the conditions existing today in the Okefenokce Swamp in Georgia or the Everglades of Florida. These areas may have varied from a few acres in several hundreds of square miles (hectares/square kilometers). Hence, the variation in ihe occurrence of coal as we find it today. 

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