Body temperature, regulation during

Carboprost tromethamine (Prostin/15M) Synthetic prostaglandin which stimulates uterine contraction. Regulate smooth muscle tone, coagulation, and body temperature. Abortion during 2nd trimester. ... 

TRPVl also plays a central role in intercellular pro-inflammatory feedback loops. An important example is mast cells and sensory nerves. Mast cells release tryptase that, in turn, activates the protease-activated receptor PAR-2 activation of PAR-2 then opens TRPVl via PKC [50]. In keeping with this, PAR-2 agonists reduce the heat activation threshold of TRPVl from 42 °C to below body temperature [51]. Excited nerve endings release SP that, as a positive feedback, binds to neurokinin NKl receptors on mast cells. Mast cells also express TRPVl [52]. Consequently, endovanilloids can act in concert to stimulate mast cells and activate capsaicin-sensitive nerve endings. Of relevance is the finding that PAR-2 is up-regulated in the bladder during experimental cystitis [53]. 

During a marathon, the rate of heat production can be more than tenfold greater than at rest and sufficient to raise the core body temperature by 1°C every eight minutes, if no cooling occurs. The core temperature is normally regulated so precisely that it does not rise more than about 1°C. The main mechanism for cooling is evaporation from the skin. Endurance runners can produce one litre of sweat per hour which removes about 2.4 MJ of heat. The energy used and therefore converted into heat in a marathon is about 12 MJ... 

The body temperature is regulated via the hypothalamus. A fever is a body temperature of more than 38.2°C, measured rectally. Premenstrual women have higher body temperature and children develop fever easier than adults. The body temperature is lowest in the early morning hours and highest in the afternoon, and increases during exercise. 

Conn et al. (2002) exposed male F344 rats to 0, 0.2, or 0.4 mg GB/m for 1 h/day for one or more days. Animals were maintained at either 25°C or 32°C to evaluate the effects of heat stress. Body temperature and activity were monitored by telemetry continuously during exposure and for one month following the exposures. Although RBC-ChE activity was reduced in the exposed animals (quantitative data not provided), the test protocol did not significantly alter temperature regulation or locomotive activity of the rats. 

The presence of an extracorporeal bypass circuit results in large heat losses from the blood. Thus an integral heat exchanger is essential to regulate the patient s body temperature. To decrease the oxygen demand during surgery, the patient s body temperature is often maintained at 5°C-10°C below normal body temperature. 

Selective tools have helped determine possible roles of each ERR family member. ERRa knockout mice show relatively normal anatomical features, but have much lower fat deposits than wild-type mice and are resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity, suggesting a role for ERRoc in metabolic regulation [39]. The mice also lack the ability to maintain body temperature due to defects in mitochondrial function [39]. ERRp knockout mice die before birth, suggesting an important role for ERRP during embryonic development [40]. The ERRy knockout mice die within 1 week after birth due to faulty oxidative metabolism in the heart [41]. 

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