Body fluids travel

The world of fluids is complicated yet very fascinating. Fluids are all around us from the air we breathe, to the water we drink, to the blood that flows through our bodies. Fluids make many things possible including air travel, drug delivery to a patient, and life itself. Thus, a fundamental and thorough understanding of fluids is vital to a nurse anesthetist. 

Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12), injected into a muscle, travels to the bone-marrow and is accumulated there after a dilution of 10 -fold in the body fluids. Even a microgram, injected in this way, is enough to cause new reticulocytes to form in the marrow of a patient suffering from pernicious anaemia. The process of distribution has been followed with Co. 

If 0 fluid streomline passes within one particle rodius of the collecting body, o particle traveling olong the streamline will touch the body and may be collected without the influence of inertia or brownian diffusion. 

All bodies traveling in a fluid experience dynamic heating, the magnitude of which depends upon the body characteristics and the environmental parameters. Modern supersonic aircraft, for example, experience appreciable heating. This incident flux is accommodated by the use of an insulated metallic structure, which provides a near balance between the incident thermal pulse and the heat dissipated by surface radiation. Hence, only a small amount of heat has to be absorbed by mechanisms other than radiation. 

Capillaries are the site of exchange between blood and the interstitial fluid surrounding tissue cells. Tissues with a higher metabolic rate have a more extensive capillary network, that is, a greater number of capillaries per unit area. Because of extensive branching of these vessels, the cells of the body are typically within 20 pm of the nearest capillary. Consequently, the distance that substances must travel between blood and the cells is minimized. Capillaries are permeable to water and small water-soluble substances, such as glucose, amino acids, lactic acid, and urea, and impermeable to proteins. 

Hemodialysis The use of a machine to clean wastes from the blood after the kidneys have failed. The blood travels through tubes to a dialyzer, which removes wastes and extra fluid. The cleaned blood then flows through another set of tubes back into the body, [nih]... 

For a drug to interact with a target, it has to be present in sufficient concentration in the fluid medium surrounding the cells with receptors. Pharmacokinetics (PK) is the study of the kinetics of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of drugs. It analyzes the way the human body deals with a drug after it has been administered, and the transportation of the drug to the specihc site for drug-receptor interaction. For example, a person has a headache and takes an aspirin to abate the pain. How does the aspirin travel from our mouth to reach the site in the brain where the headache is and act to reduce the pain ... 

The trajectory of a particle moving in a gas can be estimated by integrating the equation of motion for a particle over a time period given by increments of the ratio of the radial distance traveled divided by the particle velocity, that is, r/q. Interpreting the equation of motion, of course, requires knowledge of the flow field of the suspending gas one can assume that the particle velocity equals the fluid velocity at some distance r far from the collecting body. 

If a fluid streamline passes within one porticle radius of Qp the collecting body, a particle traveling along the streom-... 

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