Northern bobwhite Colinus virginianus

A small, ruddy, chicken-like bird, near the size of a Meadowlark. The male shows a conspicuous white throat and stripe over the eye, the female is butty. The common habitat is in farming country from Gulf of Mexico north to South Dakota, south Minnesota, south Ontario, and southwest Maine. 

This species is extensively used as a model galliform for a variety of acute, chronic, and even field studies. It may be regarded as the white rat of bird toxicity testing. 

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Chlordane interachons with other agricultural chemicals are significant and merit additional research. In one study, male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) pretreated for 8 weeks with 10 mg chlordane/kg diet had increased resistance to parathion, but not to paraoxon, as judged by cholinesterase activity (Ludke 1977). In another study, northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) treated with 10 mg chlordane/kg diet for 10 weeks, followed by endrin stress, had greater accumulations of chlordane in the brain than did birds treated only with chlordane (Ludke 1976). 

Single oral dose of 14.1 mg/kg BW NORTHERN BOBWHITE, Colinus virginianus... 

Organisms Test to be done primarily with Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus), Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), and ringnecked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus)... 

FIGURE 7.1 Changes in body mass and feed consumption of northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) to dietary exposures of RDX for (a) 14 days and (b) 90 days. Egg production for (c) 14 days as other data are presented as means SEM. Asterisks ( ) denote different from controls at p > 0.05. (Data taken from Gogal et al. [44], with permission.)... 

Gogal RM Jr et al., Influence of dietary 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene exposure in the northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus), Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 21, 81, 2002. 

Johnson MS, Michie MW, and Gogal RM Jr, Influence of oral 2,4-dinitrotoluene exposure to the northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus), Int. J. Toxicol., 24, 265, 2005. 

Campbell, S. 1994. CrylA(b) Enriched Maize Leaf Protein An Acute Oral Toxicity Study with the Northern Bobwhite Colinus virginianus) Lab Project Number 108/371. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 49 p. 

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