Blue gas

Blue gas, or blue-water gas, so-called because of the color of the flame upon burning (10), was discovered in 1780 when steam was passed over incandescent carbon (qv), and the blue-water gas process was developed over the period 1859—1875. Successfiil commercial appHcation of the process came about in 1875 with the introduction of the carburetted gas jet. The heating value of the gas was low, ca 10.2 MJ /m (275 Btu/fT), and on occasion oil was added to the gas to enhance the heating value. The new product was given the name carburetted water gas and the technique satisfied part of the original aim by adding luminosity to gas lights (10). 

Blau-warme, /. (Metal.) blue heat, -wasser, n. eau celeste (cupric ammonium sulfate solution). -wassergas, n. blue water gas, blue gas. 

In recent years, a minor component of the atmosphere, ozone, has received a great deal of attention. Ozone, molecular formula O3, is a pale blue gas with a characteristic odor that can be detected after lightning activity, in the vicinity of electric motors, or near a subway train. 

At ordinary temps ozone is a blue gas, but at the concns at which it is normally produced the color is not noticeable unless the gas is viewed thru considerable depth. At —112°, ozone condenses... 

The blue gas dinitrogen trioxide, N203 (Fig. 15.6, 1), in which the oxidation number of nitrogen is +3, is the anhydride of nitrous acid, HN02, and forms that acid when it dissolves in water ... 

An allotrope of oxygen, ozone, 03 (8), is formed in the stratosphere by the effect of solar radiation on 02 molecules. Its total abundance in the atmosphere is equivalent to a layer that, at the ordinary conditions of 25°C and 1 bar, would cover the Earth to a thickness of only 3 mm, yet its presence in the stratosphere is vital to the maintenance of life on Earth (see Box 13.3). Ozone can be made in the laboratory by passing an electric discharge through oxygen. It is a blue gas that... 

HCURE 15.8 Ozone is a blue gas that condenses to a dark-blue, highly unstable liquid. The inset shows that the gas consists of triatomic molecules. 

Water gas or blue gas is essentially a mixture of combustible gases, carbon monoxide and hydrogen, associated with small amounts of the noncombustible gases, carbon dioxide and nitrogen. It is produced by alternatively admitting steam and a little air through a bed of... 

R=R =CF3) the vapour pressure is sufficiently high enough to exist as a blue gas allowing its structure to be determined in the gas phase by electron diffraction.49 For dithiazolyls, which adopt dimeric solid-state structures, the melting process (breakdown of intermolecular forces) is associated with the collapse of the dimeric structure and a rapid increase in paramagnetism. 

Blaugas An early thermal cracking process for making liquid petroleum gas from petroleum. Developed by the German company Blau in Augsburg from 1905. Not to be confused with blue gas (see Water gas). 

When the temperature of the coke on the hearth has been raised to about 1000° C. the air blast is stopped, valve F closed, valve V opened, and steam admitted through S with the consequent production of blue gas, which passes out to a scrubber and holder, via the valve I. ... 

Thus it is seen that the carbon monoxide contained in the blue gas is oxidised by the steam, which itself is decomposed with the production of hydrogen. 

In practice it was stated that in commercial iron-contact plants the consumption of blue gas was from... 

In Ae method which has just been described the Dnsumption of blue gas is about I l to i 3 cubic feet er cubic foot of hydrogen, or assuming a consumption... 

When the lime has become sluggish in its action, by the formation of a crust of calcium carbonate, the blue gas is diverted through a similar tower, while the contents of the original tower are heated in situ to a temperature suffidently great to decompose the calcium carbonate, and thus the tower is again ready for use. 

The necessary heat may be supplied by passing the hydrocarbon gas or vaporised oil through a tube of refractory material which is externally heated, or the ingenious Rincker-Wolter method may be used. In this process the rough principle is to use a generator similar to a blue-gas generator filled with coke. By means of an air blast the temperature of the coke is raised to about 1200° C., then, when this temperature has been reached, the air supply is stopped and crude oil is blown in at the bottom of the hot coke. 

Ozone. An unstable, pale-blue gas, and a sibling of oxygen existing in the form of O3. Ozone can be formed in the atmosphere by subtle electrical transfers, especially from pollutants or by shock from lightening. As an industrial gas, it is used as bleach and purification of water due to its reactivity. 

The reforming step makes a hydrogen carbon monoxide mixture that is one of the most important materials known in the chemical industry. It is called synthesis gas and is used to produce a variety of other chemicals. The old method of making synthesis gas was from coke, but this gave a lower percentage of hydrogen in the mixture, which was called water gas or blue gas. 

Pale blue gas (in undiluted form) irritating odor above a concentration of 0.15 ppm, but the odor may be pleasant and refreshing at about 0.05 ppm density of gas 2.144g/L at 0°C liquefies at -111.9°C to a dark blue liquid density of liquid ozone 1.614 g/L at -195.4°C refractive index of liquid 1.2226 freezes at -192.7° C to a bluish-black solid critical temperature -12.05°C critical pressure 54.98 atm critical volume 89cm3/mol sbghtly soluble in water. 

Perfiuorinated methyl radicals add to NO to form trifluoronitroso-methane, CF3NO, which is a blue gas... 

At ordinary temperatures, pure ozone is a pale blue gas (d — 2.1415 g/L at 0°C and 101.3 kPa (1 aim)) that can be condensed to an indigo blue liquid, which freezes to a deep blue-violet solid. The solubility of gaseous ozone at atmospheric pressure and 0°C is 1.1 g/I, H20. Gaseous ozone can be adsorbed by porous solid substrates such as silica gel and is often used in this form in organic synthesis. 

Techniques used to study fast reactions all monitor concentration spectroscopically, as described in Major Technique 2. For instance, suppose we were studying the effect of a chlorofluorocarbon on the concentration of ozone, a blue gas. We could use a spectrometer to monitor the absorption responsible for the color and interpret the intensity of absorption in terms of the molar concentration of 03 molecules. In the stopped-flow technique, solutions of the reactants are forced into a mixing chamber very rapidly and the formation of products is observed spectroscopically (Fig. 13.3). This procedure is commonly used to study biologically important reactions. 

Water gas is often called blue gas because of the color of the flame when it is burned. It is produced by the reaction of steam on incandescent coal or coke at temperatures above 1000°C. 

Ozone (O3) is a light blue gas (boiling point =—110°C). It has a unique electric odor and is highly reactive. Its structure is three oxygen atoms linked together in the... 

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