Blood silver

This symptom correlated significantly with blood silver levels, indicating that those workers exposed to higher levels of airborne silver nitrate and/or oxide are more likely to suffer gastrointestinal pain. 

Because silver is eliminated primarily through the feces, recent exposure is most easily monitored through fecal analysis. Measurements of silver in the blood are also significant and indicate exposure to the metal. However, silver is not always detected in the urine samples of workers with known exposure to the chemical, and is not as reliable a biomarker as feces and blood. DiVincenzo et al. (1985), for example, detected silver in 100% of feces samples and only 6% of urine samples from workers chronically exposed to silver compounds in air. Increased blood silver levels, above the detection limit for silver (0.6 pig/100 mL blood), have been associated with inhalation exposure to the metal in a study by Rosenman et al. (1979). 

Blumberg H, Carey TN. 1934. Argyremia Detection of unsuspected and obscure argyria by the spectrographic demonstration of high blood silver. J Am Med Assoc 103 1521-1524. 

Monitoring of blood silver levels is the recommended method to determine the level of exposure, and levels below <25 pg/1 are not thought to lead to argyria. The ACGIH TLV is 0.01 m m for soluble silver compounds and 0.1 mg/m for silver metal. 

Silver diethyldithiocarbamate [1470-61-7] is a reagent commonly used for the spectrophotometric measurement of arsenic in aqueous samples (51) and for the analysis of antimony (52). Silver iodate is used in the determination of chloride in biological samples such as blood (53). 

Hydrogen peroxide breaks down into water and oxygen. A liter of 3 percent hydrogen peroxide will generate 10 liters of oxygen when a catalyst is used to facilitate the breakdown. Catalysts can be metals such as iron, copper, or silver, or organics such as the blood enzyme... 

Copper was called cuprum in Latin, hence its symbol, Cu. It is used in the minting of one cent pieces and for pans, but an even more important use is in the wires and switches that carry electricity. Copper is the second-best conductor of electricity (silver is first). It is alloyed with other metals to make bronze and brass. The Cu+2 ion is necessary in the human body, in very small, or trace, amounts, as a catalyst in making blood. At ordinary temperatures, copper is the best conductor of heat. 

Glyoxal-based fixatives work faster than formalin. Small biopsies may be ready to process after only an hour while properly grossed larger specimens are ready in about 6h. Structural detail is remarkable in its clarity (Fig. 12.9). Red blood cells are lysed, but that rarely presents a problem. Eosinophilic granules are reduced in prominence (see below). Special stains work well, except for tests for iron (the mildly acidic pH is detrimental) and the silver detection methods for Helicobacter pylori. Most notably, glyoxal-fixed tissues retain strong immunoreactivity for most antigens. The chemistry behind most of this is known. 

About 3% (0.8 jg) of the deposited silver was 1 found in liver and blood 6h after exposure. Clearance from the lung to the blood was triphasic, with half-times of 1.7, 8.4, and 40 days... 

Silver, L. and Palis, J. Initiation of murine embryonic erythropoiesis a spatial analysis, Blood, 89, 1154, 1997. 

Peptides in Human Urine (Skarzynski and Samecka-Keller), 5, 107 Protein Bound Iodine (Chaney), I, 82 Radioactive Iodine-131 in the Diagnosis of Hyperthyroidism, Blood Plasma Levels of (Silver), 1, 111 Transaminase Activities of Serum and Body Fluids, the Clinical Significance of Alterations in (Wroblew-ski), 1, 314... 

In the weeks and months that followed, Jeanne refined and adapted her stories with virtuosic brilliance. From the outset she adopted the dual roles of victimized orphan and imperious princess of the blood. As a Valois, she insisted on a silver plate to eat off and a feather bed to sleep on. She d had the foresight to sneak off a message to Baroness d Oliva, ordering her to flee the country so as not to risk her life. Poor bewildered Nicole set off for Brussels immediately. Nicolas La Motte and Retaux had already left. Now that Jeanne s accomplices were safely out of the way, she concentrated on blaming the Copt and the cardinal. 

Erecinska M, Silver lA (1989) ATP and brain function, J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 9(1) 2-19... 

Maruniak, J. A., Silver, W. L., and Moulton, D. G. (1983). Olfactory receptors respond to blood-borne odorants. Brain Research 265,312-316. 

Ottmann OG, Druker BJ, Sawyers CL, Goldman JM, Reiffers J, Silver RT, Tura S, Fischer T, Deininger MW, Schiffer CA, Baccarani M, Gratwohl A, Hochhaus A, Hoelzer D, Fernandes-Reese S, Gathmann I, Capdeville R, O Brien SG (2002) Blood 100 1965... 

Blood Plasma Levels of Radioactive Iodine-131 in the Diagnosis of Hyperthyroidism Solomon Silver... 

Three employees of a silver recoveiy firm near Chicago were convicted of murder. Film Recoveiy Systems recovered silver from used X-ray films using sodium cyanide. In 1983 a worker became ill and died. Cyanide level in the blood was a lethal dose. The president and part owner, the plant manager, and the plant foreman were responsible. Plant safety conditions were completely inadequate and... 

The liquid silver inorganic mercury evaporates into the atmosphere. When inhaled, mercury crosses easily into the blood and then to the brain, thus the primary... 

Dialysis units provided highly efficient means for increasing selectivity in a dynamic system by placement in front of a lithium-selective electrode constructed by incorporating 14-crown-4 ether 3-dodecyl-3 -methyl-1,5,8,12-tetraoxacyclotetradecane into a PVC membrane that was in turn positioned in a microconduit circuit by deposition on platinum, silver or copper wires. The circuit was used to analyse undiluted blood serum samples by flow injection analysis with the aid of an on-line coupled dialysis membrane. For this purpose, a volume of 200 pL of sample was injected into a de-ionized water carrier (donor) stream and a 7 mM tetraborate buffer of pH 9.2 was... 

Silver sulfadiazine, a sulfonamide, is used for the management of infected burns. The occurrence of sulfonamide hypersensitivity is a serious risk though and this agent should be reserved for selected cases. Its activity is probably based on the bactericidal action of silver which is released but absorbed only to a negligible extend. The sulfonamide is well absorbed and appreciable blood levels are reached when large areas are treated. 

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