Blood-nerve barrier

Hirakawa, H., Okajima, S., Nagaoka, T., Takamatsu, T. and Oyamada, M. Loss and recovery of the blood-nerve barrier in the rat sciatic nerve after crush injury are associated with expression of intercellular junctional proteins. Exp. Cell Res. 284 196-210,2003. 

Two additional features of the nervous system are particularly important to a discussion of neurotoxicity. The blood—brain barrier and the blood-nerve barrier act as protective devices for the nervous system, and are effective at preventing movement of certain chemicals from the blood to the brain and nerves. Unfortunately neither barrier is effective against all types of molecule, and there are plenty of examples of brain and nervous system toxicants that can penetrate the barriers. ... 

Saito, T., Zhang, Z. J., Ohtsubo, T., et al. (2001) Homozygous disruption of the mdrla P-glycoprotein gene affects blood-nerve barrier function in mice administered with neurotoxic drugs. Acta Otolaryngol. 121, 735-742. 

Hadden RD, Gregson NA, Gold R, Smith KJ, Hughes RA. Accumulation of immunoglobulin across the blood-nerve barrier in spinal roots in adoptive transfer experimental autoimmune neuritis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2002 28(6) 489-97. 

Allt, G., and Lawrenson, J. G. The blood-nerve barrier Enzymes, transporters and receptors— a comparison with the blood-brain barrier. Brain Res Bull. 52,1-12, 2000. 

Poduslo JF, Curran GL (1996) Permeability at the blood-brain banier and blood-nerve barriers of the neurotrophic factors NGF, CNTF, NT-3, BDNF. Mol Brain Res 36 280-286. 

Figure 20.1. Hypothetical scheme of the immune response in acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP) Inflammatory cells migrate from the systemic immune compartment through the damaged blood-nerve barrier into the endoneurium. Inflammatory infiltrates, which contain T-lymphocytes and macrophages cause marked segmental demyelination and secondary axonal degeneration (B B-cell T T-cell M4> Macrophage).

Spies JM, Westland KW, Bonner JG, Pollard JD (1995b) Intraneural activated T cells cause focal breakdown of the blood-nerve barrier. Brain 118 857-868. 

Orte, C.. Lawrenson, J.G, Firm, T.M, Reid, A.R and Allt, G, (1999) A comparison of blood—brain barrier and blood—nerve barrier endothelial cell markers. Anatomy and Embryology, 199, 509-517. 

Auld, V.J., Eetter, R.D., Broadie, K., and Goodman, C.S., Ghotactin, a novel transmembrane protein on peripheral glia, is required to form the blood-nerve barrier in Drosophila, Cell, 81(5), 757, 1995. 

Baumgartner, S., Littleton, J.T., Broadie, K., Bhaf M.A., Harbecke, R., Lengyel, J.A., Chiquet-Ehrismann, R., Prokop, A., and BeUen, H.J., A Drosophila neurexin is required for septate juuctiou aud blood-nerve barrier formation and function. Cell, 87(6), 1059,... 

The blood-nerve barrier is not an impediment to the actions of circulating IGFs on peripheral neurons. Sensory and sympathetic ganglia are served by special fenestrated capillaries which permit molecules as large as Mr 44 000 to leave the circulation and enter the ganglia (Jacobs et al., 1976 ... 

The nervous system is a vital part of the body. Certain protective mechanisms, primarily the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and, to a lesser extent, the blood-nerve barrier (BNB) shield the nervous system from the toxic chemicals in the blood. For example, the BBB is effective against many toxins, such as those of tetanus and diphtheria. Despite such protective barriers, certain chemicals may penetrate the brain and exhibit adverse effects to different degrees. This may be partly due to the absence of the BBB in certain sites, where the cells produce hormones or act as hormonal receptors. Substances that are highly lipophilic may readily cross the BBB and affect the brain. 

Massive entry of Pb from the blood supply into the brain is initicdly inhibited by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or blood-nerve barrier (BNB). Stumpf et al. have shown that injected Pb is initicdly... 

A closer look at the nerve sheaths demonstrates an external sheath - the outer epineurium - which surrounds the nerve fascicles. Each fascicle is invested in turn by a proper connective sheath - the perineurium - which encloses a variable number of nerve fibers and is responsible for the blood-nerve barrier. Then, the individual nerve fibers are invested by the endoneurium. The connective tissue intervening between the outer nerve sheath and the fascicles is commonly referred to as the interfascicular... 

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