Blood Group Substances from Erythrocytes

Blood Group Substances prom Other Sources 

Fortunately from the chemists point of view, there are polysaccharides with blood group activity more readily accessible than those from erythrocytes, and it is with the former that most chemical investigations have been concerned, although the relationship between these and the blood group substances proper from erythrocytes is not yet clear. Indeed the relationship may be no more than a close similarity in chemical structure of some parts of the molecular complex. 

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Liotta, I., Ouintilliani, M., Ouintiliani, L., Buzzonetti, A., and Guiliani, E., 1972, Extraction and partial purification of blood group substances A, B, and H from erythrocyte stroma. Vox Sang. 22 171. 

Removal of 40% of the D-mannosyl residues of the lectin from Dolichos biflorus by digestion with a-D-mannosidase does not affect the agglutination of type A erythrocytes or the precipitation of blood group A and H substances, suggesting that complete integrity of the carbohydrate components of the lectin is not necessary for biological activity. ... 

Animals, usually rodents, are exposed to the test substance by an appropriate route, usually by gavage or by intraperitoneal injection. Each treated and control group must include at least five animals per sex. Positive controls should produce micronuclei in vivo at exposure levels expected to give a detectable increase over background. No standard treatment schedule (i.e., 1, 2, or more treatments at 24-h intervals) has been recommended. Three dose levels are generally used these should cover a range from the maximum to little or no toxicity. The erythrocytes are sampled from the bone marrow and/or peripheral blood of the animals. If bone marrow is used, the animals are sacrificed at appropriate times after treatment, the bone marrow extracted, and preparations made and stained. When peripheral blood is used, the blood is collected at appropriate times after treatment and smear preparations are made and stained. Preparations are analyzed for the presence of micronuclei. An increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in treated animals is an indication of induced chromosome damage. 

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