Blood diagnostics

Trinkle, L. S., Wellhausen, S. R., andMcLeish, K. R. (1987) A simultaneous flow cytometric measurement of neutrophil phagocytosis and oxidative burst in whole blood. Diagnostic and Clin. Immunol. 5, 62-68. 

Lab-on-a-Chip devices for particle and ceU separation are used to either remove particles of interest, sort a mixed population of particles into subpopulations of like particles, or concentrate (enrich) particles for downstream processing within microdevices. Methods for particle or cell separations exploit specific physical properties which include fluorescence-based, magnetic-based, affinity-based, and cell density gradient-based separations depending on the properties of the particles of interest. Particle separation devices are often geared toward biomedical research and diagnostics particularly in blood cell separation and blood diagnostics. 

Microfluidic technology is one of the most advanced technologies which can be used in the whole blood immunoassay due to its low sample consumption, portability, rapid detection, etc. Combining these two technologies can light a pathway for the whole blood diagnostics. 

For most microfluidic applications involving beads, and for removing contaminant particulates from environmental samples, filters are operated in the dead end mode. Also to purify small volumes ( 100 xl) for one-shot diagnostic applications [18], the dead end mode suffices. But for blood-diagnostic applications requiring continued operation and/or larger volumes (milliliters) of blood, one needs to resort to cross-flow [20,21]. 

Sample Handling System. Venous or capillary blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid are specimens routinely used in medical diagnostic testing. Of these biological fluids, the use of venous blood is by far the most prevalent. Collection devices such as syringes and partial vacuum test tubes, eg, Vacutainer, are used to draw ten milliliters or less of venous blood. At collection time, the test tubes are carefully labeled for later identification. 

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