Biological medicines, types

TABLE 5.4 Type of biopharmaceuticals/related biological medicines and scope of the ICH S6 guideline... 

All types of biological medicines such as hormones, vaccines for human use, ° vaccines for veterinary use, and blood products " are covered in specific monographs. 

The probe nanotechnology will be of demand when it is adopted to mass production of nanomechanic and memory devices, integrated circuits with nanosize elements and sensors. Sensors of that type will find wide application in biology, medicine and other human activities. Our researches reported above put forward examples of starting steps in this direction. 

The diaminobenzenes are made from benzene by a combination chlorination-nitration route although para-phenylene diamine is also made directly from aniline. orr/to-Phenylene diamine is widely used for the preparation of biologically active compounds such as fungicides and veterinarian medicines. The mera-diamine is used in fire-retardant textile fibers ( Nomex ) while the / ara-diamine finds use in high-strength textile fibers used for bullet-proof vests, sails, army helmets, and other types of fiber-reinforced plastics ( Kevlar ). 

In a different context, a micropipette has been applied to monitor the current through a single-ion channel in a biological membrane. The patch-clamp technique invented by Sackmann and Neher [119] led to their Nobel Prize in medicine. The variations in channel current with voltage, concentration, type of ions, and type of channels have been explored. While the functions of specific channels, in particular their ionic selectivity, have been well known, only a handful of channels have the internal geometry and charge distribution determined. The development of a theory to interpret the mass of channel data and to predict channel action is still lacking. 

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