Blindness, causes primary cause

Glaucoma is one of the primary causes of blindness in the U.S.A., with over two million people debilitated in that country alone. Glaucoma generally involves a progressive increase in intraocular pressure (IOP), producing a continuous deterioration of vision that results, in some instances, in complete blindness. Primary in the development of glaucoma is a disruption in the equilibrium between the formation of aqueous humour and its outflow from the anterior chamber. Increased IOP thus results either from an increase in aqueous humour secretion and/or from some interference with its drainage or outflow facility. 

Table XIV Oomen, 1971 McLaren era/., 1965a Sommer era/., 1975a, 1976). Measles, though prevalent in developed countries, is not reported to be a blinding disease in such countries. There is substantial literature that documents the association shown in Table XIV between malnutrition and xerophthalmia. A controversy has developed in the medical literature, therefore, as to whether vitamin A deficiency is the primary cause of keratomalacia, with intercurrent measles as a precipitating factor (Oomen, 1971 Sauter, 1976 Franken, 1974), or whether measles can cause blinding corneal disease in a malnourished child in the absence of vitamin A deficiency (Frederique et aL, 1969).

Application of the liquid to animal skin caused moderate irritation. Chronic topical administration of a 5% solution to mice did not cause skin tumors or any visible skin reaction. In the eyes, glycidol produced severe irritation despite the severity of primary injury, no blindness or permanent defects in the cornea, lens, or iris resulted from the applications. 

Glaucoma is a major cause of blindness and of great pharmacologic interest because the chronic form often responds to drug therapy. The primary manifestation is increased intraocular pressure not initially associated with symptoms. 

Diabetes mellitus is a common disease that affects approximately 16 million people in the United States.90 This disease is a serious problem in terms of increased morbidity and mortality. Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of blindness in adults and is the primary factor responsible for 30 percent of the cases of end-stage renal failure.90 It is also estimated that 67,000 lower-... 

Ivermectin (Mectizan, Stromectol) is the primary treatment for filarial nematode infections (onchocerciasis) that invade ocular tissues and cause loss of vision (river blindness). Ivermectin may also be used in filarial infections in other tissues (lymphatics, skin). This drug is a secondary agent for treating intestinal nematodes such as strongyloidosis. 

In a randomized, double-blind, crossover study of cognitive impairment in 24 volunteers who received. V-kctaminc 0.25 mg/kg, racemic ketamine 0.5 mg/kg, or //-ketamine 1.0 mg/kg, the ketamine isomers caused less tiredness and cognitive impairment than equianalgesic doses of racemic ketamine (427). In addition,. V-kctaminc caused less reduction in concentration capacity and primary memory. 

Toxoplasmosis is a recurrent, potentially blinding, disease caused by the obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasmosis affects millions of people worldwide. Cats are the definitive host for the parasite but not the primary source of human infection. Environmental contamination of the soil, water, fruits and vegetables, and infection in other animals cause most human infections. Human infection may be either congenital or acquired, and acquired disease appears to be the most prevalent. 

Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) is caused by HSV type 1 in adults and is one of the most common infectious etiologies of blindness. It is second only to trauma as a cause of corneal blindness in the United States, where an estimated 50,000 new or recurrent cases are seen each year. Recurrent HSK can be reactivated by many factors in addition to those listed above. Reactivation has been reported in patients after penetrating keratoplasty, argon laser trabeculoplasty, Nd YAG laser peripheral iridotomy, or treatment with excimer lasers, including cases in which ocular herpes had not occurred previously. It is important to realize that because most patients have latent HSV it is possible for a reactivation to occur despite a negative history of a primary infection. 

In the absence of effective neuroprotective treatment for ischemic stroke, a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controUed trial has been performed in 454 patients in primary care (1). Nimodipine 30 mg/day or placebo was started within 6 hours after the onset of the stroke and continued for 10 days. Nimodipine had no effect on all-cause mortality or dependency in daily life. In patients with ischemic stroke documented by CT scan, nimodipine had a borderline significant adverse effect on outcome. Nimodipine was tolerated as well as placebo (7 versus 8 treatment withdrawals respectively), but the lack of benefit does not support the use of any voltage-sensitive calcium channel blocker in ischemic stroke. 

A small, prospective, double-blind, randomized trial compared lisinopril with hydrochlorothiazide in 35 patients with primary hypertension, LVH, and LV diastolic dysfunction. After 6 months of therapy, lisinopril caused regression of myocardial fibrosis and improved LV diastolic function, although LVH was unchanged. 

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