Blends acid-excess

The lanthanum phosphate phosphor is usually prepared by starting with a highly purified coprecipitated oxide of lanthanum, cerium, and terbium blended with a slight excess of the stoichiometric amount of diammonium acid phosphate. Unlike the case of the aluminate phosphor, firing is carried out in an only slightly reducing or a neutral atmosphere of nitrogen at a temperature 1000° C. Also this phosphor is typically made with the addition of a flux,... 

For betaxanthins, partial synthesis is quite common and presents a viable tool for identification by co-injection experiments. - Starting from a red beet extract or semi-purified betanin-isobetanin blend, alkaline hydrolysis by addition of 32% ammonia is initiated. Spectrophotometric monitoring at 424 nm allows the release of betalamic acid to be followed. Betaxanthins are obtained through the addition of the respective amino acid or amine in at least 20-fold molar excess followed by careful evaporation. Since the starting material most often consists of a racemic betacyanin mixture, the resulting betaxanthin will also consist of two stereoisomers that may not easily be separated by HPLC. ... 

The three major types of raw materials used in superplasticizers, SNF, SMF, and polyacrylates are shown in Fig. 2.1, which also illustrates the three different types of polyacrylates. Minor amounts of other materials are often added such as triethanolamine (to counteract retardation), tributyl phosphate (to cut down excessive air entrainment) and hydroxycarboxylic acid salts or lignosulfonates (to increase retardation). In addition proprietary superplasticizers can be blends of two of the main ingredients. 

Boisbaudran decomposed several hundred kilograms of the crude zinc blende in aqua regia containing excess hydrochloric acid. He also... 

A second indirect alkylation process, InAlk, is also a solid catalyst process (Fig. 18.25).12 29 InAlk combines two commercially proven technologies polymerization and olefin saturation. Isobutylene is reacted with light olefins (C3-C5) in a polymerization reactor. The resulting mixture of iso-olefins is saturated in the hydrogenation reactor. Excess hydrogen is recycled and the product is stabilized to produce a paraffinic gasoline blending stream. Yet, new solid-acid alkylation processes face tech-... 

Copper(I) chloride and bromide are made by boiling an acidic solution of the Cu" salt with an excess of Cu on dilution, white CuCl or pale yellow CuBr is precipitated. Addition of I- to a solution of Cu2+ forms a precipitate that rapidly and quantitatively decomposes to Cul and iodine. Copper(I) fluoride is unknown. The halides have the zinc blende structure (tetrahedrally coordinated Cu+). Cop-per(I) chloride and CuBr are polymeric in the vapor state, and for CuCl the principal species appears to be a six ring of alternating Cu and Cl atoms with Cu—Cl, —2.16 A. White CuCl becomes deep blue at 178°C and melts to a deep green liquid. The halides are very insoluble in water but are solubilized by complex formation... 

Because MgO has high solubility even at room temperature, Ceramicrete compositions are suitable for permafrost and shallow wells only. Boric acid is used to retard the reaction in these formulations. The amount of water used in these formulations is also higher than normally needed for the acid-base reaction. This excess water and a minimum amount of boric acid (0.125 wt% of the powder blend) are needed to reduce the initial Be (or reduce the yield stress and the initial viscosity) of the slurry. 

CuCl and CuBr can be synthesized by boiling an acidic solntion of the Cn halide with an excess of copper metal dilntion canses precipitation of white CnCl or pale yellow to white CnBr, which are polymeric even in the vapor state (as a solid, CnCl crystallizes as the zinc blende stmctnre with regnlar tetrahedral CuCLi centers, linked by bridging chlorides). Binary copper componnds with very hard flnoride ligands are not known, undoubtedly because CuF is unstable to disproportionation to form Cup2 and Cu. ... 

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