Bleaching rendered products

Wear safety glasses. Do not use bleach products because they will oxidize the pigment, rendering it insensitive to any changes in pH. You also do not want to run the risk of accidentally mixing a bleach solution with the toilet bowl cleaner because... 

Rendered fats have many other industrial uses. In these other uses, more than 70% require such processes as refining, bleaching, filtration, hydrogenation, traMi-esterification, and winterization before they can be converted to more useful products. All of these products and processes fall under the general category of oleochemistry. 

A builder that has been studied as a possible phosphate replacement is sodium citrate. The structure of the citrate trianion is shown in Figure 9.4. Several properties of sodium citrate restrict its use in LADD formulations. First, it is incompatible with hypochlorite, precluding its use in most LADD compositions. It is also inferior to STPP in its sequestration efficiency for calcium ions. Finally, it is almost three times more expensive than STPP. This combination renders citrate unsuitable as a replacement for STPP. In Europe, where the different wash conditions allow for the use of milder peroxygen bleaches or enzymes and the water is presoftened, citrate-built products are possible. 

Mr. 6. W. Sogers s Process.—Sy another process, namely, that of Mr. GF, W. Rogers of Lancaster, N, T., soap is made under pressure at a lhigh temperature adopted in the above and similar systems, by which the inventor states there is a saving of tune, inasmuch as the soap can be made in from fifteen to twenty-five minutes, with complete saponification. By this plan, moreover, the materials become bleached thus enablin g inferior goods to be employed in the manufacture. The materials are mixed in a tank heated by steam, and the mass thus prepared is run into an iron cylinder capable of holding one or more tons, and subjected to a pressure of about 400 Iba. to the square inch by means of a force-pump driven by steam. The mass is kept in this cylinder until saponification is complete, when it is run into frames. By this system any of the usual combinations of fatty matters may be employed, and the product is said to be both firm and translucent. It should be observed that in both processes given carbonate of soda is used instead of caustic soda, which also renders the employment of common salt unnecessary. 

Bleaching — When the desired quality of the final product requires bleaching of pulp recovered from wood, it is usually done by the addition of oxidizing chemicals, such as chlorine, chlorine compounds, peroxides, and hydrosulfites. The oxidizing chemicals react with the non-cellulose porticm of the pulp, rendering it soluble in water or in alkaline solutions. As a result, the bleaching step adds to the wastewater volume and pollutant loading. 

Non-destructive detection, so important for preparative TLC, can be achieved by using known fluorescent adsorbents the fluorescence is quenched by UV-absorbing substances. The regular use of such adsorbents is recommended. Convenient fluorescent properties can be imparted to the layer after TLC, e. g., by spraying with morin [32] (No. 169), 2, 7 -dibromo- or 2, 7 -dichlorofluorescein [43, 127] (No. 63), various dyes [193] or an optical bleach like UVITEX [131] (Nos. 258,259). Visualisation with iodine is very useful [1, 12, 122, 125, 218] (No. 141), yielding unstable coloured addition products. The zones of hpophilic substances in preparative TLC can be rendered visible also by means of a fine spray of water [10, 69]. 

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