Black cohosh Cimicifuga racemosa

Mahady GB. Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) review of the clinical data for safety and efficacy in menopausal symptoms. Treat Endocrinol 2005 4 177-184. 

Mukhopadhyay, S. Luthria, D. Robbins, R. 2006. Optimization of extraction process for phenolic acids from black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) by pressurized liquid extraction. J. Sci. Food Agric. 86 156-162. 

It is within this writer s knowledge that, in certain localities in the immediate neighborhood of Philadelphia, cimicifuga [black cohosh, Cimicifuga racemosa], sanguinara [bloodroot, San-guinaria canadensis] and veratrum viride [American hellebore, V. viride] have almost entirely disappeared, and it is likely to be similar in other places.51... 

Pepping, J. Black cohosh Cimicifuga racemosa. Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharm. 1999, 56, 1400-1402. 

Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa or Bugbane ) is native to the eastern United States and was first identified by the Algonquin tribes as an aid to inducing labor, and treating peri- and postmenopausal symptoms. Separation scientists have found no factors with known estragenic activity. It would therefore be illogical to impute beneficial effects of this material on prevention of coronary heart disease or osteoporosis. 

Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) is used widely and has been shown to be an effective alternative for the relief of vasomotor symptoms in some randomized, controlled trials. It does not appear to have strong intrinsic estrogenic properties but rather may act through the serotonergic system. 

Black Cohosh Cimicifuga racemosa Black snakeroot, squaw root, bugbane... 

Cimicifuga, black cohosh Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) NUTT (syn. Actaea racemosa L.) Ranunculaceae MD, Japan, China (other Cimicifuga species)... 

Dugoua, J.J., D. Seely, D. Perri, G. Koren, and E. Mills. 2006. Safety and efficacy of black cohosh Cimicifuga racemosa) during pregnancy and lactation. Can. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 13(3) e257-e261. 

Gurley, B.J., G.W. Barone, D.K. Williams, et aL 2006. Effect of milk thistle Silybum marianum) and black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) supplementation on digoxin pharmacokinetics in humans. Drug Metab. Dispos. 34[Pg.21]

Liske, E., W. Hanggi, H.H. Henneicke-von Zepelin, et aL 2002. Physiological investigation of a unique extract of black cohosh (Cimicifugae racemosae rhizoma) A 6-month clinical study demonstrates no systemic estrogenic effect. /. Women s Health Gend. Based Med. 11(2) 163-174. 

Liu, Z., Z. Yang, M. Zhu, and J. Huo. 2001a. Estrogenicity of black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) and its effects on estrogen receptor level in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 30(2) 77-80. 

Minciullo, P.L., A. Saija, M. Patafi, et al. 2006. Muscle damage induced by black cohosh Cimicifuga racemosa). Phytomedicine 13(1-2) 115-118. 

Nasr, A., and H. Nafeh. 2009. Influence of black cohosh Cimicifuga racemosa) use by postmenopausal women on total hepatic perfusion and liver functions. Fertil. Steril. 92(5) 1780-1782. 

Clinical trials have supported the efficacy of isoflavones such as genistein, found in soymilk and other soy products, in prevention of breast tumours and other cancers, as well as alleviating hot flushes and other symptoms associated with the menopause (Albert et al. 2002). Isoflavones are also found in liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), alfalfa Medicago sativa), black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) and red clover (Trifolium pratense). 

Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration. New labeling and consumer information for medicines containing black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa). 2006. http //www. tga.gov.au/cm/0705blkcohosh.htm. 

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