Bisphenol-S

NMP are examples of suitable solvents for PES and PPSF polymerizations. Chlorobenzene or toluene are used as cosolvents at low concentrations. These cosolvents form an azeotrope with water as they distill out of the reaction mixture, thereby keeping the polymerization medium dehydrated. Potassium carbonate is a suitable choice for base. The synthesis of PES and PPSE differ from the PSE case in that the reaction is carried out in a single-step process. In other words, the formation of the dipotassium salt of the bisphenol is not completed in a separate first step. Equations 2 and 3 represent polymerizations based on the dipotassium salts of bisphenol S and biphenol to make PES and PPSE, respectively. 

Wang, D. and Jones, F.R. (1994). TOM SIMS and XPS study of the interaction of aminosilanised E-glass fibers with epoxy resins. Part I. Diglycvdyl ether of bisphenol S. Composites Sci. Technol. 50, 215-228. 

Polyester One of the most successful commercially available FR polyester fiber is Trevira CS, which is produced by incorporating a comonomeric phosphinic acid unit into the PET polymeric chain. Examples of FR additives used in polyester are bisphenol-S-oligomer derivatives (Toyobo GH), cyclic phosphonates (Antiblaze CU and 1010, Rhodia), and phosphinate salts (Clariant). All these FRs do not promote char formation.3... 

T. Jablonska-Pikus, W. Charmas, and B. Gawdzik, Synthesis and characterization of methacrylate polymeric packing based on bisphenol-S, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 75(1), 142-148 (2000). 

In the same way, bisphenol S (HOC4H4SO2C4H4OH, BPS) can be used as a crosslinking agent. Systematic investigations have been carried out to study the influence of BPS on the refiactive index on the above described composites. The result is shown in Fig. 5. 

CO2. CHj, CO. H . propene. isobutene, dimethyl ketene. acrolein, diallyl ether, allyl methacrylate monomer and dimer, chain fragments including anhydnde structures from side-group cydization. and an aliphatic ketone in the vidnity of unsaturation CO , SO , phenol, bisphenol S, hydroquinone. fragments of backbone, benzene sulfonic acid... 

Isopropylidene group in bisphenol A can be replaced with sulfonyl (like in bisphenol S) or thio, the structures of the resulting polycarbonates being shown below ... 

Other poly(sulfones) can be obtained similarly to poly(sulfides) by polycondensation. Many of these sulfones also contain an ether group in the backbone. A typical reaction for the formation of a poly(ether sulfone) is that of 4,4 -dichlorodiphenylsulfone with 4,4 -sulfonyldiphenol or bisphenol S in the presence of K2CO3 (as a base) as shown below ... 

The linking structure R in the monomers include bisphenol-A, bisphenol-S, bisphenol-A6F, resorcinol, hydroquinone and dihydroxybiphenol. 

The HOROH component may be bisphenol-A, bisphenol-S, dihydroxy-biphenyl, resorcinol, hydroquinone or bisphenol-A6F ... 

On the other hand, the bisphenol-S linked polymer absorbed more water (up to 3.5%), which may be attributed to the presence of the polar sulfone group. 

Figure 4 shows the TPA results for the bisphenol-A and the bisphenol-S linked polymers cured at 280°C for six days. Both the dynamic shear modulus and the mechanical loss factor are given as a function of temperature from -150°C to about +300°C. During a TPA run, a temperature scan covering the complete glass-to-rubber transition could not be achieved because the sample softened as the glass transition temperature, Tg, was approached. 

Figure 3. Water absorption of various phthalonitrile polymers. Key , bisphenol S A, bisphenol A and O, bisphenol A6F.

Bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone is also addressed as 4,4 -dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone, or 4,4 -bisphenol S. It is of great conunereial interest for the preparation of PES. It can be prepared by reacting phenol with sulfurie acid, without using a solvent. Sueh proeesses give a erude product with 60-70% bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-sulfone. 

Bis (phenethyloxy) ethane. See Acetaldehyde diphenethyl acetal 4,4 -Bisphenol A. See Bisphenol A 4,4 -Bisphenol S. See4,4 -Dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone Bisphenol A... 

Dihydroxydiphenyldimethylmethane diglycidyl ether. See Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether 4,4 -Dihydroxydiphenyl ketone. See 4,4 -Dihydroxybenzophenone 2,2-(4,4-Dihydroxydiphenyl) propane p,p -Dihydroxydiphenylpropane. See Bisphenol A Dihydroxydiphenylsilane. See Diphenylsilanediol 4,4 -Dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone CAS 80-09-1 EINECS/ELINCS 201-250-5 Synonyms Bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone Bis (p-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone 4,4 -Bisphenol S Bisphenol S BPS 1 p,p -Dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone 4-Hydroxyphenyl sulfone Phenol, 4,4 -sulfonylbis- Phenol, 4,4 -sulfonyldi- SDP 1,1 -Sulfonylbis (4-hydroxybenzene) Sulfonyl bisphenol 4,4 -Sulfonylbisphenol 4,4 -Sulfonyldiphenol... 

Polyearbonates were prepared by a two-phase eondensation of TCP with bisphenol S. They preeipitate from chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents such as DCM, TCM and DCE. According to bofli flie yield and the inherent viscosity ofthese polymers, the use of BTEAC as a phase-transfer catalyst, sodium hydroxide as a base and DCE as an organic solvent was suitable to prepare a polycondensate having a large molar mass and a high yield. 

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