Bis-diazotized Benzidine

Benzidine is a known carcinogen and should be handled with extreme caution (Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens NTP 85-002,1985, p. 37). The solid and its 

Bis-diazotized benzidine has been used to create active hydrogen-reactive spacer arms on chromatographic matrices (Lowe and Dean, 1971 Silman et al., 1966). The compound may be used similarly to o-tolidine for the conjugation of active hydrogen-containing molecules (see Sections 9.1, this chapter, and Chapter 2, Section 6.1). 

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Bis-diazotized benzidine can be used as a bridging reagent between proteins and haptens containing aromatic groups that react with diazon-ium compounds. A conjugate of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (which contains a reactive histidine residue) was obtained in this way. ... 

Diazonium compounds, which are formed from aromatic amines with nitrous acid, may react with proteins by electrophilic substitution of the aromatic amino acid residues. Among these, bis-diazotized benzidine (BDB), o-dianisidine, benzidine-(2,2 or 3,3 )-disulphonic acid have been used extensively for protein conjugation (Kennedy et al., 1976a), but they may inactivate the enzyme or the antibody (coupling occurs mainly via the histidyl and tyrosyl residues). 

Antibody-masking enzyme tag immunoassay Adenosine 5 -monophosphate S-Acetylmercaptosuccinic anhydride Alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase (enzyme-antibody) complex Alkaline phosphatase 5-Aminosalicylic acid Adenosine 5 -triphosphate Aa-Benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester (-f-)-Biotin bromoacetyl hydrazide (-b)-Biotin Y-aminocaproic acid A-hydroxy-succinimide ester Bis-diazotized benzidine -Galactosidase (-I- )-Biotin hydrazide (-I- )-Biotin-A-hydroxysuccinimide ester (-I-)-Biotin p-nitrophenyl ester Bridged avidin-biotin (method)... 

Bis-diazotized benzidine (BDE) will bind to tyrosyl, histidyl, amino, and carboxyl side chain derivates of proteins... 

Interfacial reaction of surface groups with bis-diazotized benzidine, BDB, and subsequently with antigen protein, A, to produce conjugate antibody-specific flocculation. 

Diploschistesic acid has an infrared spectrum and an Rp value very similar to that of lecanoric acid, from which it can easily be differentiated by its yellow colour reaction with bis-diazotized benzidine on the TLC plate. Lecanoric acid gives a deep red colour with bis-diazotized benzidine... 

Difluorobiphenyl has been prepared from 4,4 -biphenyl-bis-diazonium piperidide (by diazotizing benzidine and coupling with piperidine) and concentrated hydrofluoric acid 1 by the action of sodium on -fluorobromobenzene in ether 2 from benzidine by tetrazotization and decomposing the biphenyl-bis-diazonium salt with concentrated hydrofluoric acid 3 by the above method in the presence of ferric chloride 4 and by the prolonged contact of the vapors of fluorobenzene with a red-hot wire.5 The method described here is the most satisfactory for... 

C-labelled Direct Blue 6 (17) and Acid Red 114 (18), bis-azo biphenyl dyes, possible human carcinogens2 3b, needed in order to study their distribution and biological transformations in animals, have been prepared24 from uniformly ring-labelled 14C-benzidine and 14C-3,3 -dimethylbenzidine according to equations 7 and 8. 17 has been prepared by reacting the diazotized benzidine with two equivalents of H acid under basic conditions to insure the occurrence of the attack of the electrophilic species at the ortho... 

Diazotization of 3,7-diaminodibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide, which has the trivial name of benzidine sulfone, followed by coupling with phenols, anilines, or arylsulfonic acids gives bis-azo dyes varying in color from red-brown to blue. These dyes are useful for the coloring of plastics and cellulose. second class of compounds based on 3,7-diamino-... 

The unsubstituted 5,5 -isomer (76) is not readily available by the Hantzsch method. It was first prepared (Scheme 29) by diazotization of a diamino derivative (53HCA354) obtained by a benzidine-like rearrangement (51CB518), and has since been prepared by cross-coupling of the chloro- and trimethylstannyl-thiazoles (87S185). The 4,4 -bis(ethoxycar-bonyl) derivative has been prepared from thiooxalic esters by reaction... 

Schmitt and Cagle (170) used an aqueous solution of 1 % sulfuric add and 0.5% surfactant to clean surfaces contaminated with 4,4 -methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA). Spraying with an aqueous solution containing 5% tetrapotassium pyrophosphate and 10% sodium ethyl hexyl sulfate was proposed by Hackman and Rust (171) to remove 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine from surfaces, and the washes were further treated by diazotization. Diazotization was also used by Genin (172) to treat industrial effluents containing benzidine. Two similar methods were investigated and are discussed below. 

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