Biotechnological manipulation

Improvements in genetics and biotechnology manipulations of metabolic systems, including feeding of growth-stimulating hormones (bovine somatotropin, BST, and... 

Biotechnology Manipulation of the genetic material of plants and animals in order to change the expressed characteristics. 

Acs N, Bagi Z, Rakhely G, Kovacs E, Wirth R, Kovdcs KL (2011) Improvement of biogas production by biotechnological manipulation of the microbial population. In 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Exploitation of Renewable Energy Sources. Subotica, Serbia... 

In this chapter, we review the biosynthetic pathways responsible for the formation of floral and fhiit volatiles, the regulation and localization of scent and aroma biosynthesis, and the recent advances in biotechnological manipulation of floral fragrances and fruit aromas. 

Life forms are based on coded chemicals that, in the right environment, can reproduce themselves and make other chemicals needed to break down and utilize food. Within an organism, these biochemical reactions constitute nonnal metabolism. Biotechnology is the manipulation of these biochemical reactions at either the cellular or the molecular level. 

Potential consumer benefits from biotechnology (56) are cost and quaUty. The use of biotech means to increase the level of various sulfur-containing amino acids in coffee proteins, and to enhance sucrose and oil levels, could have an impact on the flavor and aroma of the finished ground coffee product. Also, caffeine level modification/elimination through genetic manipulations of the coffee plant could yield low caffeine coffee without additional processing by the manufacturer. 

Genomic and molecular tools have made great impacts on plant biotechnology and offer potential for manipulation of carotenoids as natural colorants and also for applications in human and animal health. While microbial and other non-plant systems have been successfully used, plant modification eliminates need for expensive bioreactors and offers economically feasible opportunities for less developed nations for production of nutraceuticals and other chemical products. 

Plant use is less biotechnologically advanced and fundamentally more complex. The first generation of plant metabolic engineering met with mixed success and produced unanticipated results — problems that are not necessarily restricted to manipulation of carotenogenesis. The reason is that predictive metabolic engineering relies on the establishment of both needed tools and an information infrastructure... 

Once we know the chemical nature of the allelopathic agents and their effects on plant growth dynamics, as well as on health and environment, we can apply genetic manipulation and biotechnology to develop toxin-resistant plants and to reduce the toxin levels frcm the donor plants. These approaches serve a dual purpose because they contribute to increased agricultural productivity and help to minimize the potential risks on health and environment. 

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