Biosphere-atmosphere exchange

Baldocchi D. D., Hicks B. B., and Meyers T. P. (1988) Measuring biosphere-atmosphere exchanges of biologically related gases with micrometeorological methods. Ecology 69(5), 1331-1340. 

Bowling D. R., Tumipseed A. A., Delany A. C., Baldocchi D. D., Greenberg J. P., and Monson R. K. (1998) The use of relaxed eddy accumulation to measure biosphere-atmosphere exchange of isoprene and of other biological trace gasses. Oecologia 116(3), 306—315. 

Erisman J.W. and A. van Pitl Assessment of dry deposition and total acidifying loads in Europe, in S. Slanina (ed.). Biosphere-atmosphere exchange of pollutants and trace substances (Transport and chemical transformation of pollutants in the troposphere, vol. 4), Springer Verlag, Berlin - Heidelberg (1997) 93-116. 

Volume 4 Biosphere-Atmosphere Exchange of Pollutants and Trace Substances... 

Atmospheric Environment (1352-2310) (1873-2844). Focnsing on the consequences of natnral and human-induced perturbations on the Earth s atmosphere, this journal covers air pollution research and its applications, air qnality and its effects, dispersion and transport, deposition, biospheric-atmospheric exchange, global atmospheric chemistry, radiation, and climate. 

Two sets of data are given to illustrate how different researchers have arrived at different figures this is because definitions of biome types vary. Note that wetlands were examined in Section 4.5 and croplands are discussed in Section 6.2. It must also be noted that the living components of the Earth s biomes contribute to carbon flows other than those related to the large scale biosphere - atmosphere exchanges etc. These include the provision of medicines, fibres, perfumes, foods and biomass fuels. 

Knorr, W. and Heimann, M. (1995). Impact of drought stress and other factors on seasonal land biosphere CO2 exchange studied through an atmospheric tracer transport model, Tellus, Ser. B, 47, 471-489. 

As partly mentioned before, natural and anthropogenic induced variations of the atmospheric C02 concentration and of the 14C/ 12C and 13C/12C ratios have been observed. For a quantitative discussion of these variations in relation to possible causes, models for the carbon cycle dynamics have been developed [21-25]. Compared to the noble gas radioisotopes 39Ar and 81Kr, for which we only have to consider a well mixed atmospheric reservoir, we have a much more complicated system for 14C. The C02 in the atmosphere exchanges with the carbon in the biosphere and with the... 

The place of the biological pump in the global carbon cycle is illustrated in Figure 2. The atmosphere exchanges carbon with essentially three reservoirs the ocean, the terrestrial biosphere, and the geosphere. The ocean holds —50 times as much carbon as does the atmosphere, and... 

Friedlingstein, P., Fung, I., and Field, C. (1997). Decadal variation in atmospheric-biospheric CO, exchange, in Extended Abstracts of the Fifth International Carbon Dioxide Conference, Cairns, Australia, 8-12 September 1997, p. 268. 

Measurements of relative isotope abundances in atmospheric gases can provide very useful information on chemical reactions in the atmosphere. For instance, the stable isotope content of atmospheric CO2 provides information about the ecosystems carbon-water and biosphere-atmosphere and the carbon exchange between these subsystems. In many cases samples of air are collected and analysed in the lab. This is, however, a more tedious and not momentary analysis. Absorption spectroscopy with a tunable diode laser allows in situ measurements on vibrational transitions of all relevant molecules in the atmosphere and can measure the isotope ratios with high accuracy. 

A key issue in the research of our ecosystem and in atmospheric studies today is the ability to quantify even small concentrations of trace gases, and follow their evolution from a source to their final destination. For biosphere-atmosphere or air-sea exchange, trace gas flux measurements based on the eddy correlation technique in addition to high temporal resolution (sometimes less than 1 s) is required. Of the many... 

The content of the material in a carbon reservoir is a measure of that reservoir s direct or indirect exchange rate with the atmosphere, although variations in solar also create variations in atmospheric content activity (Stuiver and Quay, 1980, 1981). Geologically important reservoirs (i.e., carbonate rocks and fossil carbon) contain no radiocarbon because the turnover times of these reservoirs are much longer than the isotope s half-life. The distribution of is used in studies of ocean circulation, soil sciences, and studies of the terrestrial biosphere. 

---