Hydrodynamics bioreactor

As can he seen in Table 20, only a few models have incorporated both bioreactor hydrodynamics and microbial kinetics into their scheme (Worden and Donaldson, 1987 Farag et al., 1989 Wisecarver and Fan, 1989 Petersen and Davison, 1995), Of these, only a few include experi-... 

Schumpe, A. Decker, W.D. Viscous media in tower bioreactors hydrodynamic characteristics and mass transfer properties. Bioprocess. Eng. 1987, 2, 79-94. 

An Introduction to Bioreactor Hydrodynamics and Gas-Liquid Mass Transfer, First Edition. Enes Kadic and Theodore J. Heindel. 

A significant difficulty in characterizing and quantifying gas-liquid, liquid-solid, and gas-liquid-solid mixtures commonly found in bioreactor flows is that the systems are typically opaque (e.g., even an air-water system becomes opaque at fairly low volumetric gas fractions) this necessitates the use of specially designed invasive measurement probes or noninvasive techniques when determining internal flow and transport characteristics. Many of these probes or techniques were developed for a particular type of gas-liquid flow or bioreactor. This chapter first introduces experimental techniques to gauge bioreactor hydrodynamics and then summarizes gas-liquid mass transfer measurement techniques used in bioreactors. 

MEASURING BIOREACTOR HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS 29 Stirred-tank reactor... 

Many different experimental techniques are available to characterize and quantify bioreactor hydrodynamics and gas-Uquid mass transfer rates. Some of these techniques, including advantages and disadvantages, were outlined in this chapter. Current experimental methods are continually being modified and refined, and new techniqnes will always be developed. Hence, the development of experimental methods relevant to bioreactor operation is an evolutionary process and an area rich in application. 

Note that many bioreactor CFD simulations assume that the biological content has a neghgible effect on the bioreactor hydrodynamics or, if there is an effect, only the fluid rheology is modified. Hence, many of the available bioreactor CFD studies focus on gas-liquid modeling (Roy et al., 2006). A few gas-liquid-solid CFD studies have been completed (Hamidipour et al., 2012 Jia et al., 2007 Ram-pure et al., 2003), and the interested reader is referred to these studies for further information. 

Airlift bioreactors can be viewed from two different perspectives. One is that the airlift bioreactors are variations of the bubble column. The bubble-bubble interactions, forces, construction, and bioreactor applications are very similar to those of the bubble column. On the other hand, airlift bioreactor hydrodynamics are strongly biased on the interactions between the riser and downcomer gas holdup. The gas separator, in conjunction with gas injection in the riser section, generally leads to the gas holdup in the riser section being larger than in the downcomer. This effect creates a hydrodynamic pressure difference, which leads to the liquid-gas mixture circulating in a fairly controlled manner. This mechanism is a source of many advantages unique to the airlift bioreactor. 

AN INTRODUCTION TO BIOREACTOR HYDRODYNAMICS AND GAS-LIQUID MASS TRANSFER... 

An introduction to bioreactor hydrodynamics and gas-hquid mass transfer / Enes Kadic, Theodore J. Heindel. 

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