Transurethral resection biopsy

In 1990, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the marketing of BCG Live (intravesical) for use in the treatment of primary or relapsed carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder, with or without associated papillary tumors. BCG is not recommended for treatment of papillary tumors that occur alone. The drug is marketed by Connaught Laboratories as TheraCys and by Organon as TiceBCG. The manufacturers recommend a 6-week induction course of weekly intravesical BCG, usually starting 1-2 weeks after biopsy or after transurethral resection of papillary tumors. Follow-up... 

The first study where the SCS was applied to MRS analysis of prostate biopsies was undertaken at the IBD in Winnipeg.42 Proton MRS (Bruker Instruments, 8.5 T were performed at 37°C on specimens of benign (n = 66) and malignant (n = 21) human prostate tissue specimens collected from transurethral resection of the prostate and radical prostatectomy from 50 patients. Typical spectra of malignant prostate tissue and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) are shown in Fig. 5.42 The spectral data were subjected to visual inspection analysis and multivariate analysis, specifically LDA. 

The metabolic clearance rate of PSA follows a two-compartment model with initial half-lives of 1.2 and 0.75 hours for free PSA and total PSA and subsequent half-lives of 22 and 33 hours. Because of this relatively long half-life, 2 to 3 weeks may be necessary for the serum PSA to return to baseline levels after certain procedures, including transrectal biopsy, transrectal ultrasonography, transurethral resection of the prostate, and radical prostatectomy. Prostatitis and acute urinary retention can also elevate PSA concentration. Although the digital rectal examination has no clinically important effects on serum PSA levels in most patients, in some it may lead to a twofold elevation. 

Adenosis is a common mimic of PCa both on needle biopsy and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). " Given its preferential occurrence in the... 

The mainstay of therapy in superficial tumors is transurethral resection biopsy (TURB) with or without intravesical chemotherapy and immune therapy (BCG). The second phenotype is the muscle-invasive URCa representing 20% to 30% of all URCas. Only 15% of muscle-invasive URCas have a prior history of superficial URCa and represent a progression from the superficial phenotype, whereas the majority (80% to 90%) are... 

A telesurgjcal robotic system for the transurethral resection of bladder tumors has been reported previously [48]. The slave system consists of a distal dexterous manipulator that is basically a continuum robot composed of two serially-stacked multibackbone sections. The slave is equipped with a pair of biopsy forceps, a fiberscope, and a laser cautery fiber and is deployed through a standard resectoscope. Each multibackbone section is actuated by three actuators and provides 2 DOFs that, along with a translation, provide a total of 5 DOFs at the tip. The system was evaluated in an ex vivo bovine bladder. The results demonstrated that better intra-vesicular dexterity and submiUimeter accuracy could be achieved by using the system. 

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