Bionolle

Copolyesters of succinic acid, adipic acid, 1,2-ethanediol, and Bionolle Showa HighPolymer Environmental Petrochemistry... 

Bionolle PBSU poly(butylene succinate) Bionolle PESU poly(ethylene succinate), ref. 110. eEastar Bio poly(tetramethylene adipate-co-terephthalate), ref. 457. 

Biomedical applications, 27 Bionolle, 28, 42, 43 Biopol polyesters, 28, 41 Bioresorbable polyesters, 27 synthesis of, 99-101 Biphenol-based copolymers, 356 Bis(aryloxy) monomers, polymerization of, 347... 

Several novel biodegradable polyesters of different compositions have been developed during the last decade, e.g., an aliphatic copolymer of various glycols and dicarboxylic acids (Bionolle) or copolymers of aliphatic diols and aromatic monomers [119-121]. 

Molecular Weight Versus Melt Flow Rate for Bionolle. 289... 

Showa Denko K.K., Functional Polymers Division, Bionolle Department, 1-13-9 Shiba Daimon Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8518, Japan e-mail yasushi ichikawa sdk.co.jp... 

Environmental Safety of Decomposed Intermediates from Bionolle. 295... 

Residues of Bionolle and Their Influence on the Soil Environment. 297... 

Bionolle is a typical biodegradable plastic. Currently, each raw material is made from petroleum, but we are developing more environmentally friendly green plastics. The first approach is to produce plastics from monomers such as succinic acid by biological methods. The second approach is to make hybrid compounds of Bionolle and natural resources like starch. The typical chain of materials for Bionolle is shown in Fig. 1. 

First, polymerization is carried out from petrochemical materials. When Bionolle is discarded in soil or thrown into compost, it will be decomposed into oligomers by extracellular enzymes from existing microbes and then will be absorbed into cell bodies to be decomposed completely into CO2 and H2O. These will be absorbed by plants as carbon sources. 

From this step, two options are possible. One is to manufacture bio-based monomers and the other is to use renewable biomass to manufacmre compounds that combine natural products with petro-based Bionolle. This review explains both cases. 

In Table 1, the history and recent development of Bionolle are summarized. 

O.K. compost was acquired in 1998. An independent organization approved the biodegradability and safety of use of Bionolle as compost bags. 

The hybrid compound of Bionolle and starch was developed by Showa Highpolymer in 2006 and has already been launched in the market. 

Bionolle is an aliphatic polyester as shown in Fig. 2. We have two grades for Bionolle poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and poly(butylene succinate/adipate) (PBSA), the copolymer of 1,4-butandiol and succinic acid/adipic acid. We call PBS the 1000 series, and PBSA the 3000 series. PBSA with higher adipic acid content is the 5000 series. 

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