Biomass, thermal processing

J. Diebold and co-workers, in E. Hogan and co-workers, eds.. Biomass Thermal Processing, The Chameleon Press Ltd., London, 1992, pp. 101—108. 

The thermochemical conversion of biomass involves a series of different processes where hydrodynamic, mechanical, physical, and chemical phenomena are to be considered. It is therefore almost impossible to deal with the whole process without making drastic assumptions in order to reduce the high number of parameters in play. Unfortunately, these simplifications greatly affect the reliability of the modeling to predict the behavior of the thermochemical conversion of biomass, and its capability to contribute to the understanding of biomass thermal processing. 

Underwood G, "Commercialisation of fest pyrolysis products", in Biomass thermal processing, Eds. Hogan E, Robert, J, Grassi G and Bridgwater AV, pp 226-228, (CPL Scientific Press, 1992)... 

The work is organized in two parts in the first part kinetics is presented focusing on the reaction rates, the influence of different variables and the determination of specific rate parameters for different reactions both homogeneous and heterogeneous. This section is complemented with the classical kinetic theory and in particular with many examples and exercises. The second part introduces students to the distinction between ideal and non-ideal reactors and presents the basic equations of batch and continuous ideal reactors, as well as specih c isothermal and non-isothermal systems. The main emphasis however is on both qualitative and quantitative interpretation by comparing and combining reactors with and without diffusion and mass transfer effects, complemented with several examples and exercises. Finally, non-ideal and multiphase systems are presented, as well as specific topics of biomass thermal processes and heterogeneous reactor analyses. The work closes with a unique section on the application of theory in laboratory practice with kinetic and reactor experiments. 

Research Needsfor Thermal Gasification of Biomass, Compiled by StudsvikAB Thermal Processes, for International Energy Agency, IGT, Chicago, Mar. 1992,... 

The rapid thermal processing (RTP) of the company Ensyn Group Inc., situated in Ottawa (Canada). Diverse working process plants for the production of biobased aromates are available of which the largest has a biomass processing capacity of 70 t/day. The heart of the process is a CFB reactor. 

Bridgwater, A. V., Renewable fuels and chemicals by thermal processing of biomass. Chemical Engineering Journal 2003,19, 87-102. 

Thermal Process Studsvik (TPS) (Studsvik Eneriteknik AB) Woody biomass LHV Fuel gas, duel fuel engine, gas turbine, boiler/furnace/ kiln fuel 13-78 (upper limit commercial) 14.7... 

S 17.3 million Renewables - direct water splitting using solar energy thermal processes using biomass advanced electrolysis from wind power. 

Hydrogen from biomass. There are a number of biological projects for manufacturing Biohydrogen, and there are various thermal and hydro-thermal processes being developed. 

Pyrolysis, gasification, and combustion are typical thermal conversion processes for biomass. These processes are compared and contrasted in TABLE 12-4. 

TABLE 12-4. Biomass Thermal Conversion Process Comparison... 

Bridgwater, A.V. (2003). Renewable Fuels and Chemicals by Thermal Processing of Biomass. Chem. Eng. J 91, 87-102. 

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