Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress Study

Mason RP, Barrett JC. Biomarkers of oxidative stress study 11 are oxidation products of Upids, proteins, and DNA markers of CC14 poisoning Free Radic. Biol. Medi. 2005 38 698. 19. 

J, Walter PB, Tomer KB, Barrett JC, Mason RP. Biomarkers of oxidative stress study 111. Effects of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents indomethacin and meclofenamic acid on measurements of oxidative products of lipids in CCI4 poisoning. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2005 38 711. 

Kadiiska MB, Gladen BC, Baird DD, et al. Biomarker of oxidative stress study II. Are oxidation products of lipids, proteins and DNA markers of CCL4 poisoning. Free Radical Biol Med. 2005 38 698-710. 

Kadiiska, M.B., Gladen, B.C., Baird, D.D., et al., 2005. Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress Study II are oxidation products of lipids, proteins, and DNA markers of CCI4 poisoning Free Radic. Bio. Med. 38,698-710. 

Studies have recently addressed the cytotoxicity of uranyl acetate in primary rat cortical neuron cultures. Researchers found no evidence that uranyl acetate at concentrations less than 100 pM caused cytotoxicity (Jiang et al., 2007 Aschner and Jiang, 2009). Furthermore, there was no significant change in the levels of F2-isoprostanes, biomarkers of oxidative stress, as well as thiol metabolite levels on treatment with uranium. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium... 

Experimental evidence in humans is based upon intervention studies with diets enriched in carotenoids or carotenoid-contaiifing foods. Oxidative stress biomarkers are measured in plasma or urine. The inhibition of low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation has been posmlated as one mechanism by which antioxidants may prevent the development of atherosclerosis. Since carotenoids are transported mainly via LDL in blood, testing the susceptibility of carotenoid-loaded LDL to oxidation is a common method of evaluating the antioxidant activities of carotenoids in vivo. This type of smdy is more precisely of the ex vivo type because LDLs are extracted from plasma in order to be tested in vitro for oxidative sensitivity after the subjects are given a special diet. 

Results obtained in in vivo and ex vivo experiments are of various types. Some studies have found positive effects of the consumption of carotenoids or foods containing carotenoids on the markers of in vivo oxidative stress, even in smokers. Other studies demonstrated no effects of carotenoid ingestion on oxidative stress biomarkers of lipid peroxidation. " It should be noted that for studies using food, the activity observed may also be partly due to other antioxidant molecules in the food (phenols, antioxidant vitamins) or to the combination of actions of all the antioxidants in the food. 

Antibodies to hydroxymethyl uracil, an oxdized DNA base, were determined in workers exposed to nickel and cadmium, and in welders (Frenkel et al. 1994). Compared to controls, a significant increase in these antibodies was noted in the most highly exposed workers. Personal monitoring of 12 workers exposed to nickel and cadmium showed correlation coefficients between exposure concentrations and the antibodies of 0.4699 for cadmium and 0.7225 for nickel. Antibodies to hydroxymethyl uracil were not increased among welders. The levels of antibodies in the control populations for the nickel cadmium workers and for the welders were different indicating the importance of determining the distribution of a new biomarker in controls for each population that is studied. This preliminary study suggests that antibodies to oxidized DNA products may be useful biomarkers for nickel and other metals that induce oxidative stress. 

Ahmad, I., M. Pacheco, and M.A. Santos. 2006. Anguilla anguilla L. oxidative stress biomarkers An in situ study of freshwater wetland ecosystem (Pateira de Fermentelos, Portugal). Chemosphere 65 952-962. 

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